Toll Free: 1-888-928-9744

United States Glass Ceramics Industry 2016 Market Research Report

Published: Jun, 2016 | Pages: 138 | Publisher: QYResearch
Industry: Chemicals & Materials | Report Format: Electronic (PDF)

The United States Glass Ceramics Industry 2016 Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Glass Ceramics industry.

The report provides a basic overview of the industry including definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. The Glass Ceramics market analysis is provided for the United States markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development status.

Development policies and plans are discussed as well as manufacturing processes and Bill of Materials cost structures are also analyzed. This report also states import/export consumption, supply and demand Figures, cost, price, revenue and gross margins.

The report focuses on United States major leading industry players providing information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity, production, price, cost, revenue and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand analysis is also carried out. The Glass Ceramics industry development trends and marketing channels are analyzed. Finally the feasibility of new investment projects are assessed and overall research conclusions offered.

With 154 tables and figures the report provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.


 Table of Contents
1 Industry Overview 1.1 Definition and Specifications of Glass Ceramics 1.1.1 Definition of Glass Ceramics 1.1.2 Specifications of Glass Ceramics 1.2 Classification of Glass Ceramics 1.2.1 Housing And Construction Segment 1.2.2 Aerospace Segment 1.2.3 Medical Segment 1.2.4 Electrical Segment 1.2.5 Optics Segment 1.3 Applications of Glass Ceramics 1.4 Industry Chain Structure of Glass Ceramics 1.5 Industry Overview of Glass Ceramics 1.6 Industry Policy Analysis of Glass Ceramics 1.7 Industry News Analysis of Glass Ceramics 2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Glass Ceramics 2.1 Bill of Materials (BOM) of Glass Ceramics 2.2 BOM Price Analysis of Glass Ceramics 2.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Glass Ceramics 2.4 Depreciation Cost Analysis of Glass Ceramics 2.5 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Glass Ceramics 2.6 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Glass Ceramics 2.7 United States Price, Cost and Gross of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 3 Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis 3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date of United States Key Manufacturers in 2015 3.2 Manufacturing Plants Distribution of United States Key Glass Ceramics Manufacturers in 2015 3.3 R&D Status and Technology Source of United States Glass Ceramics Key Manufacturers in 2015 3.4 Raw Materials Sources Analysis of United States Glass Ceramics Key Manufacturers in 2015 4 Production Analysis of Glass Ceramics by Regions, Type, and Applications 4.1 United States Production of Glass Ceramics by Regions 2011-2016 4.2 United States Production of Glass Ceramics by Type 2011-2016 4.3 United States Sales of Glass Ceramics by Applications 2011-2016 4.4 Price Analysis of United States Glass Ceramics Key Manufacturers in 2015 4.5 United States Capacity, Production, Import, Export, Sales, Price, Cost and Revenue of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 5 Consumption Volume and Consumption Value Analysis of Glass Ceramics by Regions 5.1 United States Consumption Volume of Glass Ceramics by Regions 2011-2016 5.2 United States Consumption Value of Glass Ceramics by Regions 2011-2016 5.3 United States Consumption Price Analysis of Glass Ceramics by Regions 2011-2016 6 Analysis of Glass Ceramics Production, Supply, Sales and Market Status 2011-2016 6.1 Capacity, Production, Sales, and Revenue of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 6.2 Production Market Share and Sales Market Share Analysis of Glass Ceramics 2014-2015 6.3 Sales Overview of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 6.4 Supply, Consumption and Gap of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 6.5 Import, Export and Consumption of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 6.6 Cost, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 7 Analysis of Glass Ceramics Industry Key Manufacturers 7.1 Corning 7.1.1 Company Profile 7.1.2 Product Picture and Specifications 7.1.2.1 Type I 7.1.2.2 Type II 7.1.2.3 Type III 7.1.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross and Revenue 7.1.4 Contact Information 7.2 ILVA Glass 7.2.1 Company Profile 7.2.2 Product Picture and Specifications 7.2.2.1 Type I 7.2.2.2 Type II 7.2.2.3 Type III 7.2.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross and Revenue 7.2.4 Contact Information 7.3 NEG 7.3.1 Company Profile 7.3.2 Product Picture and Specifications 7.3.2.1 Type I 7.3.2.2 Type II 7.3.2.3 Type III 7.3.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross and Revenue 7.3.4 Contact Information 7.4 OHARA 7.4.1 Company Profile 7.4.2 Product Picture and Specifications 7.4.2.1 Type I 7.4.2.2 Type II 7.4.2.3 Type III 7.4.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross and Revenue 7.4.4 Contact Information 7.5 Schott 7.5.1 Company Profile 7.5.2 Product Picture and Specifications 7.5.2.1 Type I 7.5.2.2 Type II 7.5.2.3 Type III 7.5.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross and Revenue 7.5.4 Contact Information 7.6 Dongguan Hongtai Glass Products 7.6.1 Company Profile 7.6.2 Product Picture and Specifications 7.6.2.1 Type I 7.6.2.2 Type II 7.6.2.3 Type III 7.6.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross and Revenue 7.6.4 Contact Information 7.7 Far East Cable Co. 7.7.1 Company Profile 7.7.2 Product Picture and Specifications 7.7.2.1 Type I 7.7.2.2 Type II 7.7.2.3 Type III 7.7.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross and Revenue 7.7.4 Contact Information 7.8 Hehe Science and Technology Group 7.8.1 Company Profile 7.8.2 Product Picture and Specifications 7.8.2.1 Type I 7.8.2.2 Type II 7.8.2.3 Type III 7.8.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross and Revenue 7.8.4 Contact Information 7.9 Jingniu Glass Ceramic Group 7.9.1 Company Profile 7.9.2 Product Picture and Specifications 7.9.2.1 Type I 7.9.2.2 Type II 7.9.2.3 Type III 7.9.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross and Revenue 7.9.4 Contact Information 7.10 KEDI Glass-ceramic Industrial 7.10.1 Company Profile 7.10.2 Product Picture and Specifications 7.10.2.1 Type I 7.10.2.2 Type II 7.10.2.3 Type III 7.10.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross and Revenue 7.10.4 Contact Information 7.11 Tahsiang 7.11.1 Company Profile 7.11.2 Product Picture and Specifications 7.11.2.1 Type I 7.11.2.2 Type II 7.11.2.3 Type III 7.11.3 Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Gross and Revenue 7.11.4 Contact Information 8 Price and Gross Margin Analysis 8.1 Analysis of Price 8.2 Gross Margin Analysis 8.3 Price Comparison by Regions 8.4 Price Analysis of Different Glass Ceramics Product Types 8.5 Market Share Analysis of Different Glass Ceramics Price Levels 8.6 Gross Margin Analysis of Different Glass Ceramics Applications 9 Marketing Trader or Distributor Analysis of Glass Ceramics 9.1 Marketing Channels Status of Glass Ceramics 9.2 Traders or Distributors of Glass Ceramics with Contact Information 9.3 Ex-work Price, Channel Price and End Buyer Price Analysis of Glass Ceramics 9.4 United States Import, Export and Trade Analysis of Glass Ceramics 10 Development Trend of Glass Ceramics Industry 2016-2021 10.1 Capacity and Production Overview of Glass Ceramics 2016-2021 10.2 Production Market Share by Product Types of Glass Ceramics 2016-2021 10.3 Sales and Sales Revenue Overview of Glass Ceramics 2016-2021 10.4 United States Sales of Glass Ceramics by Applications 2016-2021 10.5 Import, Export and Consumption of Glass Ceramics 2016-2021 10.6 Cost, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin of Glass Ceramics 2016-2021 11 Industry Chain Suppliers of Glass Ceramics with Contact Information 11.1 Major Raw Materials Suppliers of Glass Ceramics with Contact Information 11.2 Manufacturing Equipment Suppliers of Glass Ceramics with Contact Information 11.3 Major Players of Glass Ceramics with Contact Information 11.4 Key Consumers of Glass Ceramics with Contact Information 11.5 Supply Chain Relationship Analysis of Glass Ceramics 12 New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis of Glass Ceramics 12.1 New Project SWOT Analysis of Glass Ceramics 12.2 New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis of Glass Ceramics 13 Conclusion of the United States Glass Ceramics Industry 2016 Market Research Report
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Picture of Glass Ceramics Table Product Specifications of Glass Ceramics Table Classification of Glass Ceramics Figure United States Sales Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Product Types in 2015 Table Applications of Glass Ceramics Figure United States Sales Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Applications in 2015 Figure Industry Chain Structure of Glass Ceramics Table United States Industry Overview of Glass Ceramics Table Industry Policy of Glass Ceramics Table Industry News List of Glass Ceramics Table Bill of Materials (BOM) of Glass Ceramics Table Bill of Materials (BOM) Price of Glass Ceramics Table Labor Cost of Glass Ceramics Table Depreciation Cost of Glass Ceramics Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Glass Ceramics in 2015 Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Glass Ceramics Table United States Price Analysis of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 (USD/Unit) Table United States Cost Analysis of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 (USD/Unit) Table United States Gross Analysis of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 Table Capacity (Unit) and Commercial Production Date of United States Glass Ceramics Key Manufacturers in 2015 Table Manufacturing Plants Distribution of United States Key Glass Ceramics Manufacturers in 2015 Table R&D Status and Technology Source of United States Glass Ceramics Key Manufacturers in 2015 Table Raw Materials Sources Analysis of United States and United States Glass Ceramics Key Manufacturers in 2015 Table United States Production of Glass Ceramics by Regions 2011-2016 (Unit) Table United States Production Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Regions 2011-2016 Figure United States Production Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Regions in 2014 Figure United States Production Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Regions in 2015 Table United States Production of Glass Ceramics by Types in 2011-2016 (Unit) Table United States Production Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Type in 2011-2016 Figure United States Production Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Type in 2014 Figure United States Production Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Type in 2015 Table United States Sales of Glass Ceramics by Applications 2011-2016 (Unit) Table United States Production Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Applications 2011-2016 Figure United States Production Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Applications in 2014 Figure United States Production Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Applications in 2015 Table Price Comparison of United States Glass Ceramics Key Manufacturers in 2015 (USD/Unit) Table United States Capacity, Production, Import Export Sales Price , Cost and Revenue (M USD) of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 Table United States Consumption Volume of Glass Ceramics by Regions 2011-2016 (Unit) Table United States Consumption Volume Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Regions 2011-2016 Figure United States Consumption Volume Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Regions in 2014 Figure United States Consumption Volume Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Regions in 2015 Table United States Consumption Value of Glass Ceramics by Regions 2011-2016 (M USD) Table United States Consumption Value Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Regions 2011-2016 Figure United States Consumption Value Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Regions in 2014 Figure United States Consumption Value Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Regions in 2015 Table Consumption Price of Glass Ceramics by Regions 2011-2016 (USD/Unit) Table United States and Major Manufacturers Capacity of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 (Unit) Table United States Capacity Market Share of Major Glass Ceramics Manufacturers 2011-2016 Table United States and Major Manufacturers Production of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 (Unit) Table United States Production Market Share of Major Glass Ceramics Manufacturers 2011-2016 Table United States and Major Manufacturers Sales of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 (Unit) Table United States Sales Market Share of Major Glass Ceramics Manufacturers 2011-2016 Table United States and Major Manufacturers Sales Revenue of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 (M USD) Table United States Sales Revenue Market Share of Major Glass Ceramics Manufacturers 2011-2016 Figure United States Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 Figure United States Capacity Utilization Rate of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 Figure United States Sales Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 Figure United States Production Market Share of Major Glass Ceramics Manufacturers in 2014 Figure United States Production Market Share of Major Glass Ceramics Manufacturers in 2015 Figure United States Sales Market Share of Major Glass Ceramics Manufacturers in 2014 Figure United States Sales Market Share of Major Glass Ceramics Manufacturers in 2015 Figure United States Sales (Unit) and Growth Rate of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 Table United States Supply, Consumption and Gap of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 (Unit) Table United States Import, Export and Consumption of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 (Unit) Table Price of United States Glass Ceramics Major Manufacturers 2011-2016 (USD/Unit) Table Gross Margin of United States Glass Ceramics Major Manufacturers 2011-2016 Table United States and Major Manufacturers Revenue of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 (M USD) Table United States Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Glass Ceramics 2011-2016 Table Corning Company Profile (Contact Information Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc) Figure Glass Ceramics Picture and Specifications of Corning Table Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Gross (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Corning 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of Corning 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Production (Unit) and United States Market Share of Corning 2011-2016 Table Corning Glass Ceramics SWOT Analysis Table ILVA Glass Company Profile (Contact Information Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc) Figure Glass Ceramics Picture and Specifications of ILVA Glass Table Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Gross (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of ILVA Glass 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of ILVA Glass 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Production (Unit) and United States Market Share of ILVA Glass 2011-2016 Table ILVA Glass Glass Ceramics SWOT Analysis Table NEG Company Profile (Contact Information Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc) Figure Glass Ceramics Picture and Specifications of NEG Table Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Gross (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of NEG 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of NEG 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Production (Unit) and United States Market Share of NEG 2011-2016 Table NEG Glass Ceramics SWOT Analysis Table OHARA Company Profile (Contact Information Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc) Figure Glass Ceramics Picture and Specifications of OHARA Table Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Gross (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of OHARA 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of OHARA 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Production (Unit) and United States Market Share of OHARA 2011-2016 Table OHARA Glass Ceramics SWOT Analysis Table Schott Company Profile (Contact Information Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc) Figure Glass Ceramics Picture and Specifications of Schott Table Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Gross (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Schott 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of Schott 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Production (Unit) and United States Market Share of Schott 2011-2016 Table Schott Glass Ceramics SWOT Analysis Table Dongguan Hongtai Glass Products Company Profile (Contact Information Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc) Figure Glass Ceramics Picture and Specifications of Dongguan Hongtai Glass Products Table Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Gross (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Dongguan Hongtai Glass Products 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of Dongguan Hongtai Glass Products 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Production (Unit) and United States Market Share of Dongguan Hongtai Glass Products 2011-2016 Table Dongguan Hongtai Glass Products Glass Ceramics SWOT Analysis Table Far East Cable Co. Company Profile (Contact Information Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc) Figure Glass Ceramics Picture and Specifications of Far East Cable Co. Table Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Gross (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Far East Cable Co. 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of Far East Cable Co. 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Production (Unit) and United States Market Share of Far East Cable Co. 2011-2016 Table Far East Cable Co. Glass Ceramics SWOT Analysis Table Hehe Science and Technology Group Company Profile (Contact Information Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc) Figure Glass Ceramics Picture and Specifications of Hehe Science and Technology Group Table Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Gross (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Hehe Science and Technology Group 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of Hehe Science and Technology Group 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Production (Unit) and United States Market Share of Hehe Science and Technology Group 2011-2016 Table Hehe Science and Technology Group Glass Ceramics SWOT Analysis Table Jingniu Glass Ceramic Group Company Profile (Contact Information Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc) Figure Glass Ceramics Picture and Specifications of Jingniu Glass Ceramic Group Table Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Gross (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Jingniu Glass Ceramic Group 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of Jingniu Glass Ceramic Group 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Production (Unit) and United States Market Share of Jingniu Glass Ceramic Group 2011-2016 Table Jingniu Glass Ceramic Group Glass Ceramics SWOT Analysis Table KEDI Glass-ceramic Industrial Company Profile (Contact Information Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc) Figure Glass Ceramics Picture and Specifications of KEDI Glass-ceramic Industrial Table Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Gross (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of KEDI Glass-ceramic Industrial 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of KEDI Glass-ceramic Industrial 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Production (Unit) and United States Market Share of KEDI Glass-ceramic Industrial 2011-2016 Table KEDI Glass-ceramic Industrial Glass Ceramics SWOT Analysis Table Tahsiang Company Profile (Contact Information Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc) Figure Glass Ceramics Picture and Specifications of Tahsiang Table Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Gross (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Tahsiang 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of Tahsiang 2011-2016 Figure Glass Ceramics Production (Unit) and United States Market Share of Tahsiang 2011-2016 Table Tahsiang Glass Ceramics SWOT Analysis Table Glass Ceramics Price by Regions 2011-2016 Table Glass Ceramics Price by Product Types 2011-2016 Table Glass Ceramics Price by Companies 2011-2016 Table Glass Ceramics Gross Margin by Companies 2011-2016 Table Price Comparison of Glass Ceramics by Regions 2011-2016 (USD/Unit) Table Price of Different Glass Ceramics Product Types (USD/Unit) Table Market Share of Different Glass Ceramics Price Level Table Gross Margin of Different Glass Ceramics Applications Table Marketing Channels Status of Glass Ceramics Table Traders or Distributors of Glass Ceramics with Contact Information Table Ex-work Price, Channel Price and End Buyer Price of Glass Ceramics (USD/Unit) in 2015 Table United States Import, Export, and Trade of Glass Ceramics (Unit) Figure United States Capacity (Unit), Production (Unit) and Growth Rate of Glass Ceramics 2016-2021 Figure United States Capacity Utilization Rate of Glass Ceramics 2016-2021 Table United States Glass Ceramics Production by Type 2016-2021 (Unit) Table United States Glass Ceramics Production Market Share by Type 2016-2021 Figure United States Production Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Type in 2021 Figure United States Sales (Unit) and Growth Rate of Glass Ceramics 2016-2021 Figure United States Sales Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Glass Ceramics 2016-2021 Figure United States Sales of Glass Ceramics by Applications 2016-2021 (Unit) Table United States Production Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Applications 2016-2021 Figure United States Production Market Share of Glass Ceramics by Applications in 2021 Table United States Production, Import, Export and Consumption of Glass Ceramics 2016-2021 (Unit) Table United States Production (Unit), Price (USD/Unit), Cost (USD/Unit), Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Glass Ceramics 2016-2021 Table Major Raw Materials Suppliers of Glass Ceramics with Contact Information Table Manufacturing Equipment Suppliers of Glass Ceramics with Contact Information Table Major Players of Glass Ceramics with Contact Information Table Key Consumers of Glass Ceramics with Contact Information Table Supply Chain Relationship Analysis of Glass Ceramics Table New Project SWOT Analysis of Glass Ceramics Table New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis of Glass Ceramics Table Part of Interviewees Record List



To request a free sample copy of this report, please complete the form below.

We never share your personal data. Privacy policy
Interested in this report? Get your FREE sample now! Get a Free Sample
Choose License Type
Single User - US $3800
Multi User - US $7600
Hexareeasearch Know

Did you know?

Research Assistance

Phone: 1-415-349-0054

Toll Free: 1-888-928-9744

Email: [email protected]

Why to buy from us

Custom research service

Speak to the report author to design an exclusive study to serve your research needs.

Information security

Your personal and confidential information is safe and secure.

verify