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The LTE, LTE-Advanced & 5G Ecosystem: 2016 - 2030 - Infrastructure, Devices, Operator Services, Verticals, Strategies & Forecasts

Published: Sep, 2016 | Pages: 399 | Publisher: SNS Research
Industry: Telecommunications | Report Format: Electronic (PDF)

As a natural upgrade path for mobile operators from the previously detached GSM, CDMA and TD-SCDMA ecosystems, LTE has emerged as the first truly global mobile communications standard. Commonly marketed as the “4G” standard, LTE promises to provide higher data rates and lower latency at a much lower TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) than 3G technologies.

The TCO and performance is further enhanced by deployment of small cells and the LTE-Advanced standard, which improves performance and data rates using features such as the aggregation of carriers, interference management and advanced antenna techniques.

With over 500 fully commercial network launches, LTE has become a mainstream technology, and a number of mobile operators have already deployed LTE-Advanced technology. SNS Research estimates that LTE service revenues will account for over $600 Billion in 2016. The figure is further expected to grow at a CAGR of more than 5% over the next four years.

While LTE and LTE-Advanced deployments are still underway, mobile operators and vendors have already embarked on R&D initiatives to develop so-called “5G” networks, with a vision of commercialization by 2020. 5G is essentially a revolutionary paradigm shift in wireless networking to support the throughput, latency, and scalability requirements of future use cases such as extreme bandwidth augmented reality applications and connectivity management for Billions of M2M (Machine to Machine) devices.

By 2020, LTE and 5G infrastructure investments are expected to account for a market worth $32 Billion. This includes spending on distributed macrocells, small cells, C-RAN architecture equipment and mobile core solutions.

The “LTE, LTE-Advanced & 5G Ecosystem: 2016 – 2030 – Infrastructure, Devices, Operator Services, Verticals, Strategies & Forecasts” report presents an in-depth assessment of the LTE, LTE-Advanced and 5G ecosystem including key market drivers, challenges, technologies, service revenue potential, deployment strategies, vertical market opportunities, mobile operator case studies, R&D initiatives, future roadmap, value chain, vendor assessment and market share. The report also tracks revenue and shipments for both infrastructure and devices, along with subscription and service revenue from 2016 through to 2030. 

The report comes with an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative data from all numeric forecasts presented in the report.

Topics Covered

The report covers the following topics: 

 - LTE/LTE-Advanced technology and market status
 - 5G technology and R&D commitments
 - Market drivers and barriers
 - TCO comparison with legacy technologies
 - LTE/5G infrastructure, devices, subscriptions and service revenue
 - Infrastructure and device vendor share
 - Antenna systems, RAN, mobile core, backhaul and fronthaul deployment strategies
 - Mobile operator reviews, service models, pricing strategies and LTE/5G deployment case studies
 - Unlicensed LTE, VoLTE, RCS, eMBMS and M2M services
 - Vertical markets for LTE/5G networks
 - Industry roadmap and value chain
 - Company profiles and strategies of over 90 ecosystem players including infrastructure  vendors, device OEMs and mobile operators
 - Market analysis and forecasts from 2016 till 2030

Forecast Segmentation

Market forecasts are provided for each of the following submarkets and their subcategories:

LTE/5G Infrastructure Shipments & Revenue
 
- Distributed Macrocell Base Stations
 - Small Cells
 - RRHs (Remote Radio Heads)
 - C-RAN BBUs (Centralized RAN Baseband Units)
 - Mobile Core

LTE/5G Device Shipments & Revenue

 - Handsets
 - Tablets
 - Embedded M2M Modules
 - USB Dongles
 - Routers

LTE/5G Subscriptions and Service Revenue

 - FDD LTE
 - TD-LTE
 - 5G

Private LTE/5G Infrastructure Revenue
 
- Public Safety
 - Military
 - Energy & Utilities
 - Transportation
 - Mining & Others

Regional Markets
 
- Asia Pacific
 - Eastern Europe
 - Latin & Central America
 - Middle East & Africa
 - North America
 - Western Europe

Key Questions Answered 

The report provides answers to the following key questions:

 - How big is the LTE, LTE-Advanced and 5G ecosystem?
 - How is the ecosystem evolving by segment and region?
 - What will the market size be in 2020 and at what rate will it grow?
 - What trends, challenges and barriers are influencing its growth?
 - Who are the key infrastructure and device vendors, and what are their strategies?
 - How will FDD LTE investments compare with TD-LTE?
 - What is the outlook for LTE-Advanced adoption?
 - What are the future prospects for unlicensed LTE, VoLTE and eMBMS services?
 - Will future network rollouts adopt a C-RAN architecture?
 - How will NFV and virtualization affect the EPC market?
 - What opportunities exist for small cells and how will their proliferation impact the wider LTE/5G infrastructure market?
 - How much are vendors and operators investing in 5G R&D efforts?
 - What will be the number of 5G subscriptions in 2020 and at what rate will it grow?
 - What are the prospects of millimeter wave technology for 5G radio access networking?

Key Findings 

The report has the following key findings: 

 - In 2016, mobile operators will pocket over $600 Billion from commercial LTE service revenues. The figure is further expected to grow at a CAGR of more than 5% over the next four years.
 - More than 150 LTE operators have already deployed carrier aggregation technology. By 2020, over 50% of all LTE subscribers will be supported by LTE-Advanced networks.
 - Mobile operators are pursuing a range of technologies including unlicensed LTE (LTE-U, LAA, LWA, MulteFire), VoLTE and eMBMS, as they seek to maximize the value of their LTE investments while addressing mobile data traffic growth.
 - Although 5G is yet to be standardized, vendors are aggressively investing in 5G development efforts with a principal focus on new air interface transmission schemes, higher frequency bands and advanced antenna technologies such as Massive MIMO and beamforming.
 - By 2020, LTE and 5G infrastructure investments are expected to account for a market worth $32 Billion. This includes spending on distributed macrocells, small cells, C-RAN architecture equipment and mobile core solutions.

List of Companies Mentioned

3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)
5G-PPP
Abu Dhabi Police
Accelerated Concepts
Accelleran
Adax
Affirmed Networks
Airspan Networks
Airvana
Alcatel-Lucent
Altiostar Networks
Apple
Arcadyan Technology Corporation
Argela
ARItel
Artemis Networks
ASOCS
ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute)
ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer)
AT&T
AT&T Mobility
Athonet
Axxcelera Broadband Wireless
BaiCells
BBK Electronics Corporation
Beach Energy
Belkin International
BlackBerry
Brocade Communications Systems
BT Group
Busan Transportation Corporation
Casa Systems
China Mobile
China Southern Power Grid
Cisco Systems
CommAgility
CommScope
Connectem 
Contela
Coolpad
Core Network Dynamics
Datang Group
Datang Mobile
D-Link Corporation
Dovado
DT (Deutsche Telekom)
Eden Rock Communications 
EE
Ericsson
Etisalat
ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute)
Facebook
Fraunhofer Fokus
Fujitsu
Gemtek Technology Company
GENBAND
General Dynamics Corporation 
General Dynamics Mission Systems
Gionee
Google
GWT (Global Wireless Technologies)
Harris County
Hitachi
Home Office, UK
HTC Corporation
Huawei
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
ip.access
ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
ITU-R (ITU Radiocommunication Sector)
JRC (Japan Radio Company)
Juni Global
KDDI Corporation
KT Corporation
Kumu Networks
Kyocera Corporation
Lemko Corporation
Lenovo
LG Electronics
LG Uplus
Linksys 
LTE-U Forum
Luminate Wireless
M1
Mavenir Systems
MediaTek
Meizu
Microsoft Corporation
Mitel Networks Corporation
MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, South Korea)
Moseley Associates
Motorola Mobility
Motorola Solutions
MPSS (Ministry of Public Safety and Security, South Korea)
MulteFire Alliance
NEC Corporation
NEC Mobile Communications
Netgear
New Postcom Equipment Company
Nokia Networks
Novatel Wireless
NTT DoCoMo
NuRAN Wireless 
Nutaq
O3b Networks
Oceus Networks
OPPO
Orange
Panasonic Corporation
Pantech
Phluido
Polaris Networks
Potevio (China Potevio Company)
Qatar MOI (Ministry of Interior)
Qualcomm
Quanta Computer
Qucell
Quortus
Redline Communications
Ruckus Wireless
Samji Electronics Company
Samsung Electronics
Samsung Group
SerComm Corporation
SES
Sharp Corporation
Sierra Wireless
Singtel
SK Telecom
SK Telesys
SoftBank Group
Sony Mobile Communications
SpiderCloud Wireless
Spreadtrum 
Sprint Corporation
Star Solutions
STC (Saudi Telecom Company)
Sunnada (Fujian Sunnada Communication Company)
Tampnet
TCL Communication
Tecore
TEKTELIC Communications
Telrad Networks
Telum
Telus
TEN (Texas Energy Network)
T-Mobile USA
TrustComm
U.S. Navy
UQ Communications
Verizon Communications
Verizon Wireless
Vivo
Vodacom Group
Vodafone Group
Wi-Fi Alliance 
WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation)
Xiaomi
Z-com (ZDC Wireless)
ZTE
ZyXEL Communications Corporation
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction	24
Executive Summary	24
Topics Covered	26
Forecast Segmentation	27
Key Questions Answered	29
Key Findings	30
Methodology	31
Target Audience	32
Companies & Organizations Mentioned	33
	
Chapter 2: LTE & LTE-Advanced Ecosystem	36
Mobile Broadband Growth	36
LTE Technology & Market Momentum	37
What is LTE?	37
Architectural Overview & Components	37
Underlying Technologies & Key Performance Metrics of LTE	41
Choice of Spectrum Bands	41
Overtaking WiMAX as the Dominant 4G Standard	41
Providing an Upgrade Path for Both 3GPP and 3GPP2 Mobile Operators	42
An Established Market: Over 500 Commercial Deployments	42
Motivation for LTE-Advanced	42
What is LTE-Advanced?	43
Carrier Aggregation	43
Optimizing Small Cell Performance	43
eICIC (Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination)	44
Higher Order MIMO	44
CoMP (Coordinated Multipoint)	44
Unlicensed Spectrum	44
Key Market Drivers: What Factors Are Driving LTE and LTE-Advanced Investments?	45
Growing Traffic Capacity Demands	45
Competitive Operator Landscape: Seizing the $1.3 Trillion Opportunity	46
LTE Value Proposition: Network Performance and Cost Savings	47
Flexible Spectrum & Spectral Efficiency	48
Address 2G/3G Legacy Network Congestion	48
Seamless Interoperability with Legacy Networks	48
Strategic Choice for CDMA & WiMAX Operators: Join Mainstream Ecosystem	48
Bringing Broadband to the Masses: Enabling Cheap Mobile Broadband Connectivity	49
Growing Interest from Vertical Markets	49
Vendor Endorsement	49
Narrow Competition from Competing Standards	50
Challenges & Inhibiters to the Ecosystem	51
Time to Market	51
Operator CapEx	51
Spectrum Congestion	52
Impact of RAN Sharing	52
Social, Political, Economic and Environmental Risks	52
Committing to Initial Investments	53
Roaming Challenges	53
Voice Support: VoLTE Comes to Rescue	53
Investment Returns: The OTT Threat	54
Backhaul Capacity Limitations	54
	
Chapter 3: LTE & LTE-Advanced Deployment Strategies	55
Antenna & RAN Strategies	55
Single RAN vs. Overlay Deployment	55
Adopting an RRH and FTTA Design	56
Adopting a C-RAN Architecture	57
Optimal Antenna Selection	57
Interference Limitation Strategies	58
Managing Co-Existence with Legacy 3G/2G RF Sites	58
EPC/Mobile Core Strategies	59
Integration of Functions & Virtualization	59
Deployment Architecture Choices	59
Supporting Legacy Networks	60
Integration with IMS	60
Embedding DPI for Policy Enforcement & Network Optimization	60
LTE Backhaul & Fronthaul Strategies	61
Architectural Impact of X2 Interface	61
LTE-Advanced Requirements	61
Growing Backhaul Capacity & Latency Requirements	62
IPsec	62
Technology Options: Fiber, Microwave & Millimeter Wave	63
Developing a HetNet Backhaul Strategy	63
Synchronization and Timing	63
Backhaul Sharing	64
Fronthaul Options: Fiber vs. Wireless	64
	
Chapter 4: Operator Service Models – Monetizing LTE	65
LTE as an Enhanced Data Offering	65
Driving Consumer Uptake of LTE	65
Enterprise Specific LTE Plans	66
VoLTE & RCS: Enabling Integrated Voice, Video & IM Services	66
Pricing Strategies	67
Layered Service Offering for Enterprises	67
Fixed Broadband Alternative	68
M2M Connectivity	68
Capitalizing on LTE’s Performance Characteristics	68
Impact of Decommissioning 2G/3G Networks	69
Wholesale Services	69
LTE Broadcast & eMBMS: Is there a Business Case Yet?	70
	
Chapter 5: Unlicensed LTE Networks	71
What is Unlicensed LTE?	71
Key Technologies	71
LTE-U	71
LAA (License Assisted Access)	72
LWA (LTE - Wi-Fi Link Aggregation)	72
MPTCP Based LTE - Wi-Fi Aggregation	73
MulteFire	74
Commercial Prospects	75
Mobile Operator Commitments	76
Wi-Fi Community Concerns	78
	
Chapter 6: Evolving 5G Ecosystem	79
What is 5G?	79
5G Requirements	79
Data Volume	80
Throughput	80
Response Time & Latency	80
Device Density	80
Availability & Coverage	80
Battery Life	81
Energy Saving & Cost Reduction	81
Development Timeline	81
5G Market Drivers	82
Why the Need for a 5G Standard?	82
Improving Spectrum Utilization	83
Advances in Air Interface Transmission Schemes	83
Gigabit Wireless Connectivity: Supporting Future Services	83
Moving Towards the IoT (Internet of Things): Increasing Device Density	84
Towards a Flatter Network Architecture	84
Challenges & Inhibitors to 5G	84
Skepticism	85
Standardization Challenges: Too Many Stakeholders	85
Spectrum Regulation & Complexities	85
Massive MIMO, Beamforming & Antenna Technology Issues	85
Higher Frequencies Mean New Infrastructure	86
Complex Performance Requirements	86
Energy Efficiency & Technology Scaling	86
5G Applications & Use Cases	87
Extreme Bandwidth Applications: Video, Internet Gaming & Augmented Reality	87
MTC/M2M, IoT & Ubiquitous Communications	87
Short-burst Traffic	88
Vertical Industries & Safety Critical Domains	88
	
Chapter 7: Enabling Technologies for 5G	89
Key Technologies & Concepts	89
Air Interface: Waveform Options	89
Millimeter Wave Radio Access	90
Massive MIMO	90
Phased Array Antennas	91
Beamforming	92
D2D (Device to Device) Communications	92
Self-Backhauling & Mesh Networking	93
Cognitive Radio & Spectrum Sensing	93
Unlicensed Spectrum Usage	94
LSA (Licensed Shared Access)	94
Spectrum Aggregation	95
Integration of VLC (Visible Light Communication)	96
Complimentary Technologies	96
NFV & SDN	96
HetNet & C-RAN Architecture	98
Cloud RAN	99
MEC (Mobile Edge Computing)	101
Drones & Satellites	101
Satellite Integration in 5G Networks	101
Google and Facebook’s Drone Ambitions	102
Interest from Mobile Operators	102
How Much is Being Invested in 5G R&D	103
R&D Investments by Technology	104
New Waveforms & Millimeter Wave Radio Access	105
MIMO, Beamforming & Antenna Technologies	106
Interference & Spectrum Management	107
C-RAN, Virtualization & Other Technologies	108
	
Chapter 8: Vertical Markets for LTE & 5G Networks	109
Vertical Market Opportunities: Capitalizing on LTE & 5G	109
Private LTE & 5G Network Investments	109
Key Vertical Markets	111
Automotive & Transportation	111
Energy & Utilities	114
Healthcare	115
Public Safety	116
Military	118
Mining	119
Smart Cities	121
Other Sectors	121
Vertical Market Case Studies	123
Abu Dhabi Police	123
Beach Energy	124
Busan Transportation Corporation	126
China Southern Power Grid	127
Harris County	128
Qatar MOI (Ministry of Interior)	129
South Korea’s National Disaster Safety Communications Network	130
Tampnet	132
TEN (Texas Energy Network)	133
U.S. Navy	134
	
Chapter 9: Industry Roadmap & Value Chain	136
Industry Roadmap	136
2016 - 2020: Large Scale LTE-Advanced Rollouts	136
2020 - 2025: The Cloud RAN Era - Moving Towards C-RAN and Virtualization	137
2025 - 2030: Continued Investments with 5G Network Rollouts	138
Value Chain	138
Embedded Technology Ecosystem	138
Chipset Developers	138
Embedded Component/Software Providers	139
Device Ecosystem	139
Mobile Device OEMs	139
RAN Ecosystem	139
Macrocell RAN OEMs	139
Pure-Play Small Cell OEMs	141
Wi-Fi Access Point OEMs	141
DAS & Repeater Solution Providers	141
C-RAN Solution Providers	141
Other Technology Providers	142
Transport Networking Ecosystem	142
Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers	142
Mobile Core Ecosystem	142
Mobile Core Solution Providers	142
Connectivity Ecosystem	143
Mobile Operators	143
Wi-Fi Connectivity Providers	143
SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) Providers	143
SON Ecosystem	144
SON Solution Providers	144
SDN & NFV Ecosystem	144
SDN & NFV Providers	144
	
Chapter 10: Vendor & Operator Landscape	145
LTE Infrastructure	145
Accelleran	145
Adax	146
Affirmed Networks	147
Airspan Networks	148
Altiostar Networks	149
Arcadyan Technology Corporation	150
Argela	151
ARItel	152
Artemis Networks	153
ASOCS	154
Athonet	155
Axxcelera Broadband Wireless	156
BaiCells	157
Brocade Communications Systems	158
Casa Systems	159
Cisco Systems	160
CommScope	162
Contela	163
Core Network Dynamics	164
Datang Mobile	165
Ericsson	166
Fujitsu	168
Gemtek Technology Company	170
GENBAND	171
General Dynamics Mission Systems	172
Google	173
GWT (Global Wireless Technologies)	174
Hitachi	175
Huawei	176
ip.access	178
JRC (Japan Radio Company)	179
Juni Global	180
Kumu Networks	181
Lemko Corporation	182
Luminate Wireless	183
Mitel Networks Corporation	184
NEC Corporation	185
New Postcom Equipment Company	187
Nokia Networks	188
Nutaq	190
Oceus Networks	191
Phluido	192
Polaris Networks	193
Potevio (China Potevio Company)	194
Quanta Computer	195
Qucell	196
Quortus	197
Redline Communications	198
Samji Electronics Company	199
Samsung Electronics	200
SerComm Corporation	202
SK Telesys	203
SpiderCloud Wireless	204
Star Solutions	205
Sunnada (Fujian Sunnada Communication Company)	206
Tecore	207
TEKTELIC Communications	208
Telrad Networks	209
Telum	210
WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation)	211
Z-com (ZDC Wireless)	212
ZTE	213
ZyXEL Communications Corporation	215
LTE Devices	216
Accelerated Concepts	216
Apple	217
ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer)	218
BBK Electronics Corporation	219
Belkin International	220
BlackBerry	221
Coolpad	222
D-Link Corporation	223
Dovado	224
Fujitsu	225
Gionee	226
HTC Corporation	227
Huawei	228
Kyocera Corporation	229
Lenovo	230
LG Electronics	231
Meizu	232
Microsoft Corporation	233
NEC Mobile Communications	234
Netgear	235
Novatel Wireless	236
Panasonic Corporation	237
Pantech	238
Samsung Electronics	239
Sharp Corporation	240
Sierra Wireless	241
Sony Mobile Communications	242
TCL Communication	243
Xiaomi	244
ZTE	245
LTE Operators	246
AT&T	246
China Mobile	248
EE	249
KDDI Corporation	251
KT Corporation	252
LG Uplus	254
NTT DoCoMo	255
SK Telecom	257
SoftBank Group	259
Verizon Communications	260
	
Chapter 11: Market Analysis & Forecasts	262
Global LTE Infrastructure Shipments & Revenue	262
Submarket Segmentation	263
Regional Segmentation	263
LTE Distributed Macrocell Base Stations	264
FDD vs. TDD Segmentation	265
FDD LTE Macrocell Base Stations	266
TD-LTE Macrocell Base Stations	267
Regional Segmentation	268
LTE Small Cells	269
FDD vs. TDD Segmentation	270
FDD LTE Small Cells	271
TD-LTE Small Cells	272
Form Factor Segmentation	273
LTE Femtocells	274
LTE Picocells	275
LTE Microcells	276
Use Case Segmentation	277
Residential LTE Small Cells	278
Enterprise LTE Small Cells	279
Urban LTE Small Cells	280
Rural & Suburban LTE Small Cells	281
Deployment Model Segmentation	282
Indoor LTE Small Cells	283
Outdoor LTE Small Cells	284
Regional Segmentation	285
LTE C-RAN Architecture Infrastructure	286
Submarket Segmentation	286
LTE RRH	287
Deployment Model Segmentation	288
Indoor LTE RRH	289
Outdoor LTE RRH	290
LTE C-RAN BBU	291
Regional Segmentation	292
EPC	294
Regional Segmentation	294
Global 5G Infrastructure Shipments & Revenue	295
Submarket Segmentation	296
Regional Segmentation	296
5G Distributed Macrocell Base Stations	297
5G Small Cells	298
5G C-RAN Architecture Infrastructure	299
Submarket Segmentation	299
5G RRH	300
5G C-RAN BBU	301
5G Mobile Core	302
Global LTE Device Shipments & Revenue	303
FDD vs. TDD Segmentation	304
FDD LTE Devices	305
TD-LTE Devices	306
Form Factor Segmentation	307
Handsets	308
Tablets	309
Embedded M2M Modules	310
USB Dongles	311
Routers	312
Regional Segmentation	313
Global 5G Device Shipments & Revenue	314
Form Factor Segmentation	315
Handsets	316
Tablets	317
Embedded M2M Modules	318
USB Dongles	319
Routers	320
Regional Segmentation	321
Global LTE Subscriptions & Service Revenue	322
FDD vs. TDD Segmentation	323
FDD LTE Subscriptions	324
TD-LTE Subscriptions	325
Regional Segmentation	326
Global 5G Subscriptions & Service Revenue	327
Regional Segmentation	328
Asia Pacific	329
LTE Infrastructure	329
LTE Distributed Macrocell Base Stations	329
LTE Small Cells	330
LTE C-RAN Architecture Infrastructure	331
EPC	333
5G Infrastructure	334
LTE Devices	334
5G Devices	335
LTE Subscriptions & Service Revenue	336
5G Subscriptions & Service Revenue	337
Eastern Europe	339
LTE Infrastructure	339
LTE Distributed Macrocell Base Stations	339
LTE Small Cells	340
LTE C-RAN Architecture Infrastructure	341
EPC	343
5G Infrastructure	344
LTE Devices	344
5G Devices	345
LTE Subscriptions & Service Revenue	346
5G Subscriptions & Service Revenue	347
Latin & Central America	349
LTE Infrastructure	349
LTE Distributed Macrocell Base Stations	349
LTE Small Cells	350
LTE C-RAN Architecture Infrastructure	351
EPC	353
5G Infrastructure	354
LTE Devices	354
5G Devices	355
LTE Subscriptions & Service Revenue	356
5G Subscriptions & Service Revenue	357
Middle East & Africa	359
LTE Infrastructure	359
LTE Distributed Macrocell Base Stations	359
LTE Small Cells	360
LTE C-RAN Architecture Infrastructure	361
EPC	363
5G Infrastructure	364
LTE Devices	364
5G Devices	365
LTE Subscriptions & Service Revenue	366
5G Subscriptions & Service Revenue	367
North America	369
LTE Infrastructure	369
LTE Distributed Macrocell Base Stations	369
LTE Small Cells	370
LTE C-RAN Architecture Infrastructure	371
EPC	373
5G Infrastructure	374
LTE Devices	374
5G Devices	375
LTE Subscriptions & Service Revenue	376
5G Subscriptions & Service Revenue	377
Western Europe	379
LTE Infrastructure	379
LTE Distributed Macrocell Base Stations	379
LTE Small Cells	380
LTE C-RAN Architecture Infrastructure	381
EPC	383
5G Infrastructure	384
LTE Devices	384
5G Devices	385
LTE Subscriptions & Service Revenue	386
5G Subscriptions & Service Revenue	387
	
Chapter 12: Infrastructure, Devices, Operator Services & Verticals Summary	389
Infrastructure	389
Commercial Availability	389
RAN Vendor Share: Who Leads the Market?	389
The Outlook for Tier 2 Vendors: Samsung and Fujitsu Lead the Market	390
Impact of Small Cells & Unlicensed Spectrum	390
EPC Vendor Share	391
How will NFV Affect the EPC Market?	391
Devices	392
Commercial Device Availability	392
Are Smartphones the Most Dominant Form Factor?	392
Vendor Share: Who Leads the Market?	392
What About Chipsets?	392
Subscriptions & Operator Services	393
Economic Downturn: Initial Deployment Delays	393
Commercial Availability	393
How Big is the LTE Service Revenue Opportunity?	394
Vertical Market Opportunities	395
Outlook for LTE-Advanced	396
Moving Beyond Carrier Aggregation	397
Outlook for LTE Broadcast & eMBMS	397
Outlook for VoLTE & RCS	398
List of Figures

Figure 1: LTE Architecture	45
Figure 2: E-UTRAN Architecture	46
Figure 3: EPC Architecture	47
Figure 4: Functional Split between E-UTRAN and the EPC	48
Figure 5: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Exabytes)	53
Figure 7: Mobile Network Service Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	54
Figure 8: TCO Comparison for 2G, 3G, LTE and HetNet Deployments ($ per GB)	55
Figure 8: RRH & FTTA Design	64
Figure 9: Legacy RAN to C-RAN Architectural Migration	65
Figure 11: Global Unlicensed LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	83
Figure 12: Global Unlicensed LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	84
Figure 12: 5G Requirements	87
Figure 13: IMT-2020 Development Roadmap	90
Figure 14: Potential Waveform Options for 5G	97
Figure 15: D2D Communication Scenarios	101
Figure 16: LSA Concept	103
Figure 17: NFV Concept	105
Figure 18: C-RAN Architecture	106
Figure 19: Cloud RAN Concept	108
Figure 20: Global 5G R&D Investments: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million)	111
Figure 21: Global 5G R&D Investments by Technology: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million)	112
Figure 22: Global 5G R&D Investments on New Waveforms & Millimeter Wave Radio Access: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million)	113
Figure 23: Global 5G R&D Investments on MIMO, Beamforming & Antenna Technologies: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million)	114
Figure 24: Global 5G R&D Investments on Interference & Spectrum Management: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million)	115
Figure 25: Global 5G R&D Investments on C-RAN, Virtualization & Other Technologies: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million)	116
Figure 26: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue by Vertical: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	118
Figure 27: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Investments in the Transportation Sector: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	120
Figure 28: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Investments in the Energy & Utilities Sector: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	122
Figure 29: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Investments in the Public Safety Sector: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	125
Figure 30: Military LTE Network Architecture	126
Figure 31: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Investments in the Military Sector: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	127
Figure 32: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Investments in Mining & Other Sectors: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	128
Figure 33: The LTE & 5G Industry Roadmap: 2016 - 2030	144
Figure 34: Wireless Network Infrastructure Value Chain	148
Figure 35: Global LTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	270
Figure 36: Global LTE Infrastructure Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	271
Figure 37: LTE Infrastructure Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	271
Figure 38: Global LTE Macrocell Base Station Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	272
Figure 39: Global LTE Macrocell Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	272
Figure 40: Global LTE Macrocell Base Station Unit Shipments by Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	273
Figure 41: Global LTE Macrocell Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	273
Figure 42: Global FDD LTE Macrocell Base Station Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	274
Figure 43: Global FDD LTE Macrocell Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	274
Figure 44: Global TD-LTE Macrocell Base Station Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	275
Figure 45: Global TD-LTE Macrocell Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	275
Figure 46: LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	276
Figure 47: LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	276
Figure 48: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	277
Figure 49: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	277
Figure 50: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments by Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	278
Figure 51: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	278
Figure 52: Global FDD LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	279
Figure 53: Global FDD LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	279
Figure 54: Global TD-LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	280
Figure 55: Global TD-LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	280
Figure 56: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments by Form Factor: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	281
Figure 57: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Form Factor: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	281
Figure 58: Global LTE Femtocell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	282
Figure 59: Global LTE Femtocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	282
Figure 60: Global LTE Picocell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	283
Figure 61: Global LTE Picocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	283
Figure 62: Global LTE Microcell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	284
Figure 63: Global LTE Microcell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	284
Figure 64: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments by Use Case: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	285
Figure 65: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Use Case: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	285
Figure 66: Global Residential LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	286
Figure 67: Global Residential LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	286
Figure 68: Global Enterprise LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	287
Figure 69: Global Enterprise LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	287
Figure 70: Global Urban LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	288
Figure 71: Global Urban LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	288
Figure 72: Global Rural & Suburban LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	289
Figure 73: Global Rural & Suburban LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	289
Figure 74: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	290
Figure 75: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	290
Figure 76: Global Indoor LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	291
Figure 77: Global Indoor LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	291
Figure 78: Global Outdoor LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	292
Figure 79: Global Outdoor LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	292
Figure 80: LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	293
Figure 81: LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	293
Figure 82: Global LTE C-RAN Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	294
Figure 83: Global LTE C-RAN Infrastructure Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	294
Figure 84: Global LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	295
Figure 85: Global LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	295
Figure 86: Global LTE RRH Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	296
Figure 87: Global LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	296
Figure 88: Global Indoor LTE RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	297
Figure 89: Global Indoor LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	297
Figure 90: Global Outdoor LTE RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	298
Figure 91: Global Outdoor LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	298
Figure 92: Global LTE C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	299
Figure 93: Global LTE C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	299
Figure 94: LTE RRH Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	300
Figure 95: LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	300
Figure 96: C-RAN LTE BBU Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	301
Figure 97: C-RAN LTE BBU Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	301
Figure 98: Global LTE Mobile Core (EPC) Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	302
Figure 99: LTE Mobile Core (EPC) Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	302
Figure 100: Global 5G Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	303
Figure 101: Global 5G Infrastructure Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	304
Figure 102: 5G Infrastructure Revenue by Region: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	304
Figure 103: Global 5G Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	305
Figure 104: Global 5G Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	305
Figure 105: Global 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	306
Figure 106: Global 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	306
Figure 107: Global 5G C-RAN Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	307
Figure 108: Global 5G C-RAN Infrastructure Revenue by Submarket: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	307
Figure 109: Global 5G RRH Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	308
Figure 110: Global 5G RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	308
Figure 111: Global 5G C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	309
Figure 112: Global 5G C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	309
Figure 113: Global 5G Mobile Core Investments: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	310
Figure 114: Global LTE Device Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	311
Figure 115: Global LTE Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	311
Figure 116: Global LTE Device Unit Shipments by Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	312
Figure 117: Global LTE Device Unit Shipment Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	312
Figure 118: Global FDD LTE Device Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	313
Figure 119: Global FDD LTE Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	313
Figure 120: Global TD-LTE Device Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	314
Figure 121: Global TD-LTE Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	314
Figure 122: Global LTE Device Unit Shipments by Form Factor: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	315
Figure 123: Global LTE Device Unit Shipment Revenue by Form Factor: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	315
Figure 124: Global LTE Handset Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	316
Figure 125: Global LTE Handset Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	316
Figure 126: Global LTE Tablet Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	317
Figure 127: Global LTE Tablet Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	317
Figure 128: Global LTE Embedded M2M Module Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	318
Figure 129: Global LTE Embedded M2M Module Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	318
Figure 130: Global LTE USB Dongle Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	319
Figure 131: Global LTE USB Dongle Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	319
Figure 132: Global LTE Router Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	320
Figure 133: Global LTE Router Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	320
Figure 134: LTE Device Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	321
Figure 135: LTE Device Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	321
Figure 136: Global 5G Device Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	322
Figure 137: Global 5G Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	322
Figure 138: Global 5G Device Unit Shipments by Form Factor: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	323
Figure 139: Global 5G Device Unit Shipment Revenue by Form Factor: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	323
Figure 140: Global 5G Handset Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	324
Figure 141: Global 5G Handset Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	324
Figure 142: Global 5G Tablet Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	325
Figure 143: Global 5G Tablet Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	325
Figure 144: Global 5G Embedded M2M Module Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	326
Figure 145: Global 5G Embedded M2M Module Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	326
Figure 146: Global 5G USB Dongle Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	327
Figure 147: Global 5G USB Dongle Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	327
Figure 148: Global 5G Router Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	328
Figure 149: Global 5G Router Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	328
Figure 150: 5G Device Unit Shipments by Region: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	329
Figure 151: 5G Device Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	329
Figure 152: Global LTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	330
Figure 153: Global LTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	330
Figure 154: Global LTE Subscriptions by Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	331
Figure 155: Global LTE Service Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	331
Figure 156: Global FDD LTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	332
Figure 157: Global FDD LTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	332
Figure 158: Global TD-LTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	333
Figure 159: Global TD-LTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	333
Figure 160: LTE Subscriptions by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	334
Figure 161: LTE Service Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	334
Figure 162: Global 5G Subscriptions: 2020 - 2030 (Millions)	335
Figure 163: Global 5G Service Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	335
Figure 164: 5G Subscriptions by Region: 2020 - 2030 (Millions)	336
Figure 165: 5G Service Revenue by Region: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	336
Figure 166: Asia Pacific LTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	337
Figure 167: Asia Pacific LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	337
Figure 168: Asia Pacific LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	338
Figure 169: Asia Pacific LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	338
Figure 170: Asia Pacific LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	339
Figure 171: Asia Pacific LTE RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	339
Figure 172: Asia Pacific LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	340
Figure 173: Asia Pacific C-RAN LTE BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	340
Figure 174: Asia Pacific C-RAN LTE BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	341
Figure 175: Asia Pacific LTE Mobile Core (EPC) Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	341
Figure 176: Asia Pacific 5G Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	342
Figure 177: Asia Pacific LTE Device Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	342
Figure 178: Asia Pacific LTE Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	343
Figure 179: Asia Pacific 5G Device Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	343
Figure 180: Asia Pacific 5G Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	344
Figure 181: Asia Pacific LTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	344
Figure 182: Asia Pacific LTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	345
Figure 183: Asia Pacific 5G Subscriptions: 2020 - 2030 (Millions)	345
Figure 184: Asia Pacific 5G Service Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	346
Figure 185: Eastern Europe LTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	347
Figure 186: Eastern Europe LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	347
Figure 187: Eastern Europe LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	348
Figure 188: Eastern Europe LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	348
Figure 189: Eastern Europe LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	349
Figure 190: Eastern Europe LTE RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	349
Figure 191: Eastern Europe LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	350
Figure 192: Eastern Europe C-RAN LTE BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	350
Figure 193: Eastern Europe C-RAN LTE BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	351
Figure 194: Eastern Europe LTE Mobile Core (EPC) Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	351
Figure 195: Eastern Europe 5G Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	352
Figure 196: Eastern Europe LTE Device Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	352
Figure 197: Eastern Europe LTE Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	353
Figure 198: Eastern Europe 5G Device Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	353
Figure 199: Eastern Europe 5G Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	354
Figure 200: Eastern Europe LTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	354
Figure 201: Eastern Europe LTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	355
Figure 202: Eastern Europe 5G Subscriptions: 2020 - 2030 (Millions)	355
Figure 203: Eastern Europe 5G Service Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	356
Figure 204: Latin & Central America LTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	357
Figure 205: Latin & Central America LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	357
Figure 206: Latin & Central America LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	358
Figure 207: Latin & Central America LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	358
Figure 208: Latin & Central America LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	359
Figure 209: Latin & Central America LTE RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	359
Figure 210: Latin & Central America LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	360
Figure 211: Latin & Central America C-RAN LTE BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	360
Figure 212: Latin & Central America C-RAN LTE BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	361
Figure 213: Latin & Central America LTE Mobile Core (EPC) Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	361
Figure 214: Latin & Central America 5G Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	362
Figure 215: Latin & Central America LTE Device Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	362
Figure 216: Latin & Central America LTE Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	363
Figure 217: Latin & Central America 5G Device Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	363
Figure 218: Latin & Central America 5G Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	364
Figure 219: Latin & Central America LTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	364
Figure 220: Latin & Central America LTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	365
Figure 221: Latin & Central America 5G Subscriptions: 2020 - 2030 (Millions)	365
Figure 222: Latin & Central America 5G Service Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	366
Figure 223: Middle East & Africa LTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	367
Figure 224: Middle East & Africa LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	367
Figure 225: Middle East & Africa LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	368
Figure 226: Middle East & Africa LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	368
Figure 227: Middle East & Africa LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	369
Figure 228: Middle East & Africa LTE RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	369
Figure 229: Middle East & Africa LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	370
Figure 230: Middle East & Africa C-RAN LTE BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	370
Figure 231: Middle East & Africa C-RAN LTE BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	371
Figure 232: Middle East & Africa LTE Mobile Core (EPC) Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	371
Figure 233: Middle East & Africa 5G Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	372
Figure 234: Middle East & Africa LTE Device Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	372
Figure 235: Middle East & Africa LTE Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	373
Figure 236: Middle East & Africa 5G Device Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	373
Figure 237: Middle East & Africa 5G Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	374
Figure 238: Middle East & Africa LTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	374
Figure 239: Middle East & Africa LTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	375
Figure 240: Middle East & Africa 5G Subscriptions: 2020 - 2030 (Millions)	375
Figure 241: Middle East & Africa 5G Service Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	376
Figure 242: North America LTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	377
Figure 243: North America LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	377
Figure 244: North America LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	378
Figure 245: North America LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	378
Figure 246: North America LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	379
Figure 247: North America LTE RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	379
Figure 248: North America LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	380
Figure 249: North America C-RAN LTE BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	380
Figure 250: North America C-RAN LTE BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	381
Figure 251: North America LTE Mobile Core (EPC) Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	381
Figure 252: North America 5G Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	382
Figure 253: North America LTE Device Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	382
Figure 254: North America LTE Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	383
Figure 255: North America 5G Device Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	383
Figure 256: North America 5G Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	384
Figure 257: North America LTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	384
Figure 258: North America LTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	385
Figure 259: North America 5G Subscriptions: 2020 - 2030 (Millions)	385
Figure 260: North America 5G Service Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	386
Figure 261: Western Europe LTE Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	387
Figure 262: Western Europe LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	387
Figure 263: Western Europe LTE Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	388
Figure 264: Western Europe LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	388
Figure 265: Western Europe LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	389
Figure 266: Western Europe LTE RRH Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	389
Figure 267: Western Europe LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	390
Figure 268: Western Europe C-RAN LTE BBU Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units)	390
Figure 269: Western Europe C-RAN LTE BBU Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	391
Figure 270: Western Europe LTE Mobile Core (EPC) Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	391
Figure 271: Western Europe 5G Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Million)	392
Figure 272: Western Europe LTE Device Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	392
Figure 273: Western Europe LTE Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	393
Figure 274: Western Europe 5G Device Unit Shipments: 2020 - 2030 (Millions of Units)	393
Figure 275: Western Europe 5G Device Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	394
Figure 276: Western Europe LTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	394
Figure 277: Western Europe LTE Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	395
Figure 278: Western Europe 5G Subscriptions: 2020 - 2030 (Millions)	395
Figure 279: Western Europe 5G Service Revenue: 2020 - 2030 ($ Billion)	396
Figure 280: Global LTE & 5G Service Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	402
Figure 281: Global Private vs. Commercial LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Investments: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million)	403
Figure 282: Global LTE Service Revenue by Network Type: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion)	404
Figure 283: Global VoLTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions)	407 



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