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Published: Jun, 2017 | Pages:
1000 | Publisher: SNS Research
Industry: ICT | Report Format: Electronic (PDF)
Driven by the growing demand for in-building wireless coverage and the huge influx of mobile data traffic, conventional macrocells alone are no longer deemed sufficient to handle the needs of today's wireless subscribers. In addition, the imminent adoption of centimeter and millimeter wave spectrum, to support higher data rates in 5G networks, necessitates the usage of much smaller cell sizes. To cope with growing capacity and coverage requirements, mobile operators are significantly increasing their investments in a variety of Heterogeneous Network or HetNet infrastructure technologies such as strategically deployed small cells, carrier Wi-Fi and DAS (Distributed Antenna System) networks. Adding further to the heterogeneity is the shift towards C-RAN (Centralized RAN) architecture, where centralized baseband functionality is shared across a large number of distributed radio nodes to deliver benefits such as resource pooling, multi-cell coordination, network extensibility and energy efficiency. SNS Research estimates that global investments on small cells, carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN and DAS will reach more than $15 Billion by the end of 2017, as mobile operators remain committed to tackle the continued growth of mobile data traffic and evolving coverage requirements. At present, the HetNet market is facing a paradigm shift with multiple advancements ranging from small cell virtualization and neutral hosting to the adoption of unlicensed and shared spectrum. In conjunction with 5G and LTE Advanced network rollouts, these advancements will fuel the market to grow at a CAGR of over 18% between 2017 and 2020. The “HetNet Ecosystem (Small Cells, Carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN & DAS): 2017 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts” report presents an in-depth assessment of the HetNet ecosystem including enabling technologies, key trends, market drivers, challenges, standardization, regulatory landscape, deployment models, use cases, vertical markets, service provider case studies, opportunities, future roadmap, value chain, ecosystem player profiles and strategies. The report also presents forecasts for HetNet infrastructure investments from 2017 till 2030. The forecasts cover 6 individual submarkets and 6 regions. The report comes with an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative data from all numeric forecasts presented in the report. Topics Covered The report covers the following topics: - HetNet ecosystem - Market drivers and barriers - Enabling technologies and key architectural components for small cells, carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN and DAS - Integration, offloading and SON (Self-Organizing Network) technologies - Key trends including RAN disaggregation; small cell virtualization; unlicensed and shared spectrum usage; and neutral hosting - Complementary technologies and concepts including millimeter wave radio access; MEC (Mobile Edge Computing); FWA (Fixed Wireless Access); control and user plane separation; and network slicing - Small cell backhaul and C-RAN fronthaul technologies - HetNet use cases and deployment models including SCaaS (Small Cells-as-a-Service) - Enterprise RAN; rural small cells; and tactical small cells for military and public safety applications - Over 30 case studies of service provider HetNet deployments - Regulatory landscape and standardization - Industry roadmap and value chain - Profiles and strategies of over 500 leading ecosystem players - Strategic recommendations for HetNet infrastructure vendors and mobile operators - Market analysis and forecasts from 2017 till 2030 Forecast Segmentation Market forecasts are provided for each of the following submarkets and their subcategories: Small Cells Air Interface Technology Segmentation - 2G & 3G - LTE - 5G NR (New Radio) Deployment Model Segmentation - Indoor - Outdoor RAN Architecture Segmentation - Standalone - C-RAN Use Case Segmentation - Residential - Enterprise - Urban - Rural & Suburban Cell Size Segmentation - Femtocells - Picocells - Microcells Small Cell Backhaul Technology Segmentation - DSL - Ethernet - Microwave - Millimeter Wave - Satellite - Fiber & Others Carrier Wi-Fi Submarket Segmentation - Access Points - Access Point Controllers Integration Approach Segmentation - Standalone Wi-Fi Hotspots - Managed Wi-Fi Offload C-RAN Air Interface Technology Segmentation - 3G & LTE - 5G NR Deployment Model Segmentation - Indoor - Outdoor Cell Size Segmentation - Small Cells - Macrocells Submarket Segmentation - BBUs (Baseband Units) - RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) C-RAN Fronthaul Technology Segmentation - Dedicated Fiber - WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) - OTN (Optical Transport Network) - PON (Passive Optical Network) - Ethernet - Microwave - Millimeter Wave - G.Fast & Others DAS Deployment Model Segmentation - Indoor - Outdoor Regional Markets - Asia Pacific - Eastern Europe - Latin & Central America - Middle East & Africa - North America - Western Europe Key Questions Answered The report provides answers to the following key questions: - How big is the HetNet opportunity? - What trends, challenges and barriers are influencing its growth? - How is the ecosystem evolving by segment and region? - What will the market size be in 2020 and at what rate will it grow? - Which submarkets will see the highest percentage of growth? - How can HetNet infrastructure investments improve wireless coverage and alleviate congestion in mobile operator networks? - Can virtualized small cells reduce the TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) of HetNet deployments? - How are mobile operators leveraging small cells to deliver cost-effective wireless coverage in rural areas? - What is the commercial status of unlicensed and shared spectrum technologies? - How are small cell, DAS and Wi-Fi specialists addressing requirements for multi-operator neutral host networks? - What are the prospects of microwave and millimeter wave transport networking platforms for small cell backhaul and C-RAN fronthaul? - Will mobile operators adopt WiGig and other non-3GPP technologies to complement 5G network rollouts? - Who are the key market players, what is their market share and what are their strategies? - What strategies should HetNet infrastructure vendors and mobile operators adopt to remain competitive? Key Findings The report has the following key findings: - SNS Research estimates that global investments on small cells, carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN and DAS will reach more than $15 Billion by the end of 2017, as mobile operators remain committed to tackle the continued growth of mobile data traffic and evolving coverage requirements. - At present, the HetNet market is facing a paradigm shift with multiple advancements ranging from small cell virtualization and neutral hosting to the adoption of unlicensed and shared spectrum. - In conjunction with 5G and LTE Advanced network rollouts, these advancements will fuel the market to grow at a CAGR of over 18% between 2017 and 2020. - By virtualizing small cells, mobile operators can immediately evaluate the benefits of RAN virtualization with no major impact on their larger macrocell RAN footprint. SNS research estimates that global spending on virtualized small cells will surpass $1 Billion annually by 2020. - Unlicensed and shared spectrum small cells are also beginning to gain traction, with shipment revenues potentially reaching $240 Million by the end of 2020. - The vendor arena is continuing to consolidate with several prominent M&A deals such as CCI's (Communication Components, Inc.) acquisition of BLiNQ Networks and Mavenir's merger with Ranzure Networks.
Table of Contents 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 47 1.1 Executive Summary 47 1.2 Topics Covered 49 1.3 Forecast Segmentation 50 1.4 Key Questions Answered 53 1.5 Key Findings 54 1.6 Methodology 55 1.7 Target Audience 56 1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned 57 2 Chapter 2: An Overview of Small Cells, Carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN & DAS 64 2.1 An Evolving Heterogeneous Networking Ecosystem 64 2.1.1 The Growing Demand for Mobile Broadband 64 2.1.2 Is LTE the Answer to All Capacity Problems? 64 2.1.3 HetNets: An Evolution of Network Topology 65 2.2 Small Cells 66 2.2.1 What Are Small Cells? 66 2.2.2 Why Deploy Small Cells? 66 2.2.3 Small Cell Categories 68 2.2.3.1 Femtocells 68 2.2.3.2 Picocells 69 2.2.3.3 Microcells 69 2.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 70 2.3.1 Carrier Wi-Fi Integration Approaches 71 2.3.2 Standalone Hotspots 71 2.3.3 Managed Offload 71 2.3.3.1 SIM-Based Wi-Fi Offload 71 2.3.3.2 RAN Integrated Wi-Fi Access 71 2.4 C-RAN (Centralized RAN) 72 2.4.1 What is C-RAN? 72 2.4.2 Architectural Benefits and Challenges 72 2.4.3 Key Architectural Components 73 2.4.3.1 RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) 73 2.4.3.2 BBUs (Baseband Units) 73 2.4.3.3 Fronthaul 74 2.5 Cloud RAN: Virtualizing C-RAN 75 2.5.1 Leveraging Commodity Technologies 76 2.5.2 Moving RAN to the Cloud 76 2.6 DAS (Distributed Antenna System) 77 2.6.1 What is DAS? 77 2.6.2 Passive DAS 78 2.6.3 Active DAS 79 2.6.4 Hybrid DAS 80 2.7 Other Options for Offloading Mobile Network Coverage and Capacity 81 2.7.1 Macrocell Network and Spectrum Expansion 81 2.7.2 Caching & Mobile CDNs (Content Delivery Networks) 81 2.8 The Business Case: Key Market Drivers 82 2.8.1 Capacity & Coverage Improvement: Addressing the Mobile Data Traffic Tsunami 82 2.8.2 Endorsement from the Mobile Operator Community 83 2.8.3 In-Building & Enterprise Coverage Requirements 84 2.8.4 Capacity Offload in Congested Urban Environments 84 2.8.5 Cost-Effective Rural Coverage 85 2.8.6 CapEx Savings 85 2.8.7 Non-Expandability of Macrocell Networks 85 2.8.8 Impact of 5G Rollouts 86 2.9 Challenges & Inhibitors to the HetNet Ecosystem 86 2.9.1 Interference with Macrocell Infrastructure & Spectrum Constraints 86 2.9.2 Conflicting HetNet Offerings 86 2.9.3 Fronthaul & Backhaul Investments 87 2.9.4 Migration from Legacy Architectures 87 2.9.5 Economic Constraints & Deployment Challenges 88 2.9.6 Security Concerns 88 3 Chapter 3: Integration & Offloading Technology 89 3.1 Integrating Small Cells into the Mobile Network 89 3.1.1 Integration into 3G Networks 89 3.1.1.1 Iuh based Integration: Residential & Enterprise Femtocells 89 3.1.1.2 Iub: Microcells, Picocells and Femtocells 91 3.1.2 S1: Integration into LTE Networks 91 3.1.2.1 eNB Small Cell Architecture 92 3.1.2.2 HeNB Small Cell Architecture 92 3.1.3 Integration into 5G NR (New Radio) Networks 93 3.1.3.1 Non-Standalone Operation with LTE 93 3.1.3.2 NG2 & NG3: NextGen (Next Generation) System Architecture 93 3.2 Integrating C-RAN into the Mobile Network 94 3.2.1 CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) 94 3.2.2 OBSAI (Open Base Station Architecture Initiative) 95 3.2.3 ORI (Open Radio Interface) 95 3.2.4 Ethernet 95 3.3 Wi-Fi: The Evolution from an Ethernet Extension to Mobile RAN Integration 96 3.4 Enabling Technologies for Wi-Fi and Cellular RAN Interoperability 97 3.4.1 ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Function) 97 3.4.1.1 Enabling Seamless Mobility 97 3.4.1.2 Commercial Availability of ANDSF Solutions 97 3.4.2 Hotspot 2.0 98 3.4.2.1 Discovery - 802.11u 98 3.4.2.2 Encryption - 802.11i (WPA2) 98 3.4.2.3 Authentication – 802.1x (EAP) 99 3.4.2.4 OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) DM (Device Management) 99 3.4.2.5 Passpoint Wi-Fi Certification 99 3.4.3 NGH (Next Generation Hotspot) 99 3.4.3.1 Working Alongside Hotspot 2.0 100 3.4.3.2 Enabling Seamless Mobile Network Connectivity 100 3.4.4 I-WLAN (Interworking Wireless LAN) 100 3.4.5 WISPr (Wireless Internet Service Provider Roaming) 101 3.4.6 MSAP (Mobility Services Advertisement Protocol) 101 3.5 Small Cell and Mobile Core Offloading Technologies 102 3.5.1 LIPA (Local IP Access) 102 3.5.1.1 Is LIPA Specifically for Small Cells? 102 3.5.1.2 Use Case Example: Local Network Multimedia Access 102 3.5.2 SIPTO (Selected IP Traffic Offload) 103 3.5.2.1 Use Case Example: Core Network Offload 103 3.5.2.2 The Downside: Is SIPTO Suitable for All Traffic Profiles? 103 3.5.3 IFOM (IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload) 104 3.5.3.1 Enabling Seamless Integration between Wi-Fi and 3GPP RANs 104 3.6 Wi-Fi and Cellular RAN Integration: Commercial Implementations for Address HetNet Challenges 105 3.6.1 Wi-Fi Integration into Macrocell and Small Cell Base Stations 105 3.6.2 Policy Driven Control 105 3.6.3 Enabling Wi-Fi Calling: Dynamic Switching between Wi-Fi and LTE 105 3.7 Integration of SON (Self-Organizing Network) Capabilities 106 3.7.1 Enabling Plug-and-play Functionality 106 3.7.2 Enhancing HetNet Performance 107 4 Chapter 4: Key Trends in Next-Generation HetNet Infrastructure 108 4.1 RAN Disaggregation: Blurring the Lines Between Small Cells and C-RAN 108 4.1.1 Fully Centralized Baseband Processing: PHY-RF Split 109 4.1.2 Partially Centralized Functional Splits 111 4.1.2.1 Intra-PHY Split 111 4.1.2.2 MAC-PHY Split 112 4.1.2.3 Intra-MAC Split 112 4.1.2.4 RLC-MAC Split 112 4.1.2.5 Intra-RLC Split 113 4.1.2.6 PDCP-RLC Split 113 4.1.2.7 RRC-PDCP Split 113 4.2 Small Cell Virtualization 114 4.2.1 Overview of RAN Virtualization 114 4.2.2 Why Virtualize Small Cells? 115 4.2.3 Next-Generation Small Cells: Hardware vs. Software-Based Architecture 116 4.2.3.1 Performance 117 4.2.3.2 Cost 118 4.2.3.3 Other Market Factors 119 4.2.4 Review of Existing Virtualized Small Cell Deployments 120 4.3 Unlicensed & Shared Spectrum Usage 121 4.3.1 Bringing the Simplicity of Wi-Fi to LTE & 5G Small Cells 121 4.3.2 Key Technology Options for Spectrum Sharing & Aggregation 121 4.3.2.1 LSA (Licensed Shared Access): Two-Tiered Sharing 121 4.3.2.2 SAS (Spectrum Access System): Three-Tiered Sharing 122 4.3.2.3 LAA (License Assisted Access) & LTE-U: Licensed & Unlicensed Spectrum Aggregation 124 4.3.2.4 New Mechanisms for 60 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum Sharing 125 4.3.2.5 MulteFire 126 4.3.2.6 LWA (LTE – Wi-Fi Link Aggregation) 126 4.3.2.7 LWIP (LTE WLAN integration with IPSec Tunnel) 127 4.3.2.8 MPTCP Based LTE – Wi-Fi Aggregation 127 4.3.3 Commercial Status 127 4.4 Neutral Hosting 128 4.4.1 A Win-Win for Mobile Operators and Hosts 128 4.4.2 Moving Towards Multi-Operator Small Cells 128 4.4.2.1 Commercial Multi-Operator Small Cell Offerings 129 4.4.2.2 Disruptive DAS Products 129 4.4.3 Synergies with Spectrum Sharing & Small Cell Virtualization 129 4.5 Moving Towards Higher Frequencies 130 4.5.1 Higher Frequency & Millimeter Wave Small Cells 130 4.5.2 Potential Usage of 60 GHz WiGig Technology 131 4.6 Small Cells for Rural Coverage 131 4.6.1 Review of Mobile Operator Commitments 131 4.6.2 How Are Vendors Addressing the Market? 133 4.6.3 How Big is the Opportunity? 133 4.7 Other Trends 134 4.7.1 UDN (Ultra Dense Networks) 134 4.7.2 MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing) 135 4.7.3 FWA (Fixed Wireless Access) 135 4.7.4 Multi-Site Connectivity, Carrier Aggregation & User Centric Cell Access 137 4.7.5 Control and User Plane Separation 137 4.7.6 Small Cells for Dedicated IoT Applications 138 4.7.7 Network Slicing 138 5 Chapter 5: Industry Roadmap and Value Chain 140 5.1 HetNet Industry Roadmap: 2017 – 2030 140 5.1.1 2017 – 2020: Large Scale Small Cell, Carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN & DAS Rollouts 140 5.1.2 2020 – 2025: Moving Towards Virtualized & Shared Spectrum Small Cells 141 5.1.3 2025 – 2030: Continued Densification with 5G Network Rollouts 141 5.2 HetNet Value Chain 142 5.3 Embedded Technology Ecosystem 142 5.3.1 Chipset Developers 142 5.3.2 Embedded Component/Software Providers 142 5.4 RAN Ecosystem 144 5.4.1 Macrocell RAN OEMs 144 5.4.2 Pure-Play Small Cell OEMs 144 5.4.3 Wi-Fi Access Point OEMs 144 5.4.4 DAS & Repeater Solution Providers 145 5.4.5 C-RAN Solution Providers 145 5.4.6 Other Technology Providers 145 5.5 Transport Networking Ecosystem 145 5.5.1 Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers 145 5.6 Mobile Core Ecosystem 146 5.6.1 Mobile Core Solution Providers 146 5.7 Connectivity Ecosystem 146 5.7.1 Mobile Operators 146 5.7.2 Wi-Fi Connectivity Providers 146 5.7.3 SCaaS (Small Cells-as-a-Service) Providers 147 5.8 SON Ecosystem 147 5.8.1 SON Solution Providers 147 5.9 SDN & NFV Ecosystem 147 5.9.1 SDN & NFV Providers 147 6 Chapter 6: HetNet Deployment Models, Use Cases & Vertical Markets 148 6.1 Deployment Models 148 6.1.1 Indoor 148 6.1.2 Outdoor 149 6.2 Use Cases 150 6.2.1 Residential 150 6.2.2 Enterprise 150 6.2.3 Urban 151 6.2.4 Rural & Suburban 151 6.3 Service Models for Carrier Wi-Fi 152 6.3.1 Mobile Offload 152 6.3.2 Wholesale & Other Approaches 152 6.4 SCaaS (Small Cells-as-a-Service) 153 6.4.1 Addressing the Logistical Challenges of Small Cell Rollouts 153 6.4.2 Cost & Structural Efficiencies 153 6.4.3 How Big is the Opportunity for SCaaS Providers? 154 6.4.4 Major SCaaS Commitments 155 6.4.4.1 BT Group 155 6.4.4.2 Cellcom (New-Cell) 156 6.4.4.3 ClearSky Technologies 156 6.4.4.4 Cloudberry Mobile 156 6.4.4.5 Colt Technology Services Group 157 6.4.4.6 Cox Communications 157 6.4.4.7 Towerstream Corporation 157 6.4.4.8 Virgin Media 158 6.4.4.9 Luminet 158 6.4.4.10 Zayo Group 158 6.4.4.11 Offerings from the Vendor Community 159 6.5 Key Vertical Markets 159 6.5.1 Agriculture 159 6.5.2 Construction 159 6.5.3 Education 160 6.5.4 Energy & Utilities 160 6.5.5 Enterprises 161 6.5.6 Healthcare 161 6.5.7 Military 162 6.5.8 Public Safety & Emergency Services 162 6.5.9 Public Venues 162 6.5.10 Residential 163 6.5.11 Retail & Hospitality 163 7 Chapter 7: HetNet Backhaul & Fronthaul 164 7.1 Small Cell Backhaul Technology 164 7.1.1 DSL 164 7.1.2 Ethernet 164 7.1.3 Microwave 165 7.1.4 Millimeter Wave 166 7.1.5 Satellite 166 7.1.6 Fiber & Others 166 7.2 C-RAN Fronthaul Technology 167 7.2.1 Dedicated Fiber (Dark Fiber) 167 7.2.2 WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) 167 7.2.3 PON (Passive Optical Network) 168 7.2.4 OTN (Optical Transport Network) 168 7.2.5 Ethernet 168 7.2.6 G.Fast 168 7.2.7 Microwave 169 7.2.8 Millimeter Wave 169 7.3 Requirements for HetNet Backhaul & Fronthaul 169 7.3.1 Form Factor & Environmental Hardening 169 7.3.2 Power Supply & Consumption 169 7.3.3 Installation & Provisioning 170 7.3.4 Integration of OAM and SON Capabilities 170 7.3.5 Deployment & Maintenance Cost 170 7.4 Key Issues 170 7.4.1 Backhaul Sharing: Can Small Cells and Macrocells Share Resources? 170 7.4.2 Coverage Challenges 171 7.4.3 Capacity/Peak Throughput Challenges 171 7.4.4 Will Millimeter Wave be the Preferred Outdoor Small Cell Backhaul Solution? 171 7.4.5 Is Fronthaul the Bottleneck to C-RAN Rollouts? 172 7.4.6 Is Ethernet a Feasible Solution for C-RAN Fronthaul? 172 7.4.7 Is there a Market for Satellite based HetNet Transport? 172 7.4.8 Assessing the Impact of the SCaaS Ecosystem 173 8 Chapter 8: Standardization & Regulatory Initiatives 174 8.1 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) 174 8.1.1 Small Cell Standardization 174 8.1.2 Additional Small Cell & HetNet Enhancements 175 8.1.3 Functional Splits for C-RAN Implementation in 5G Networks 176 8.2 3GPP2 (3rd Generation Partnership Project 2) & MDG (Mobility Development Group) 177 8.2.1 HetNet Standardization Activities 177 8.3 Broadband Forum 178 8.3.1 TR-069 & TR-196 for Small Cell Management 178 8.3.2 Broadband 20/20 Vision: Convergence of 5G Mobile & Fixed Networks 178 8.3.3 Other Efforts Related to HetNets 179 8.4 CableLabs 179 8.4.1 Research on High Capacity Millimeter Wave Small Cells 179 8.4.2 Unlicensed and Shared Spectrum LTE for the Cable Industry 179 8.4.3 Other Work Relevant to 5G & HetNet Infrastructure 180 8.5 CBRS Alliance 180 8.5.1 Ecosystem Development for LTE-Based CBRS Solutions 180 8.6 CPRI Initiative 181 8.6.1 CPRI Releases 1.4 to 7.0 for 3G & LTE Fronthaul 181 8.6.2 eCPRI for 5G Fronthaul 181 8.7 DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Alliance) 182 8.7.1 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing for 5G and LTE Networks 182 8.8 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) 183 8.8.1 Small Cell Testing 183 8.8.2 ORI for Fronthaul 183 8.8.3 NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) for vRAN and Virtualized Small Cells 184 8.8.4 MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing) 185 8.8.5 Millimeter Wave Transmission & Other Work 186 8.9 EVOLVE 186 8.9.1 LTE-U and LAA Advocacy Efforts 186 8.10 GSMA 187 8.10.1 TS.22: Recommendations for Minimum Wi-Fi Capabilities of Terminals 187 8.10.2 IR.61: Wi-Fi Roaming Guidelines 188 8.10.3 IR.51 & NG.106: IMS over Wi-Fi 188 8.10.4 Policy Recommendations for Small Cell Deployments 189 8.10.5 5G Program & Spectrum Policy 189 8.11 GTI 190 8.11.1 HetNets & Small Cells in TD-LTE Development & Evolution 190 8.11.2 5G Innovation Program 191 8.12 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 191 8.12.1 IEEE 802.11 WLAN Standard & Revisions 191 8.12.2 IEEE 802.1CM: TSN (Time-Sensitive Networking) for Fronthaul 192 8.12.3 IEEE P1904.3: Standard for RoE (Radio over Ethernet) Encapsulations and Mappings 193 8.12.4 IEEE 1914: NGFI (Next Generation Fronthaul Interface) Working Group 194 8.12.5 Contribution to 5G Standards Development 194 8.12.6 Other Standards & Work Groups 195 8.13 ITU (International Telecommunications Union) 195 8.13.3 FG IMT-2020 (Focus Group on IMT-2020) 197 8.13.4 Spectrum Allocation 198 8.14 LTE-U Forum 198 8.14.1 LTE-U Technical Specifications 198 8.15 MEF (Metro Ethernet Forum) 199 8.15.1 Ethernet Transport for Small Cells & C-RAN 199 8.16 MulteFire Alliance 200 8.16.1 MulteFire Release 1.0 Specification 200 8.17 NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Networks) Alliance 201 8.17.1 P-CRAN (Project Centralized RAN) 201 8.17.2 Small Cell Project 202 8.17.3 RAN Evolution Project 202 8.17.4 5G Work Program & Other Work 202 8.19 ONF (Open Networking Foundation) & ON.Lab (Open Networking Lab) 204 8.20 OSA (OpenAirInterface Software Alliance) 206 8.20.1 LTE vRAN Implementation 206 8.21 SCF (Small Cell Forum) 207 8.21.1 Release 1: Residential Small Cells 208 8.21.2 Release 2: Enterprise Small Cells 208 8.21.3 Releases 3 & 4: Urban Small Cells 208 8.21.4 Release 5: Rural & Remote Small Cells 209 8.21.5 Release 6: Smart Enterprise Small Cells 210 8.21.6 Release 7: HetNet Foundations 210 8.21.7 Release 8: Small Cell Virtualization 211 8.21.8 Release 9: Network Densification and Evolution to 5G 212 8.22 TIP (Telecom Infra Project) 213 8.22.1 OpenCellular – Wireless Access Design Platform 213 8.22.2 Solutions Integration – Unbundled RAN Architecture 214 8.22.3 Edge Computing 215 8.22.4 vRAN Fronthaul 215 8.22.5 Open Optical Packet Transport 215 8.22.6 Mobile Core Optimization 216 8.22.7 Greenfield Telecom Networks 216 8.22.8 Other Projects 216 8.23 WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance) 217 8.23.1 Carrier Wi-Fi Services Program 217 8.23.2 Next Generation Wireless Program 220 8.24 WIA (Wireless Infrastructure Association) 221 8.24.1 HetNet Forum 221 8.24.2 Other Work 222 8.25 Wi-Fi Alliance 222 8.25.1 Hotspot 2.0 & Passpoint Certification Program 222 8.25.2 Positioning WiGig as a 5G Technology 223 8.25.3 Wi-Fi Spectrum Advocacy Efforts & Other Programs 223 8.26 WiFiForward 224 8.26.1 Wi-Fi Spectrum Advocacy Efforts 224 8.27 WiMAX Forum 224 8.27.1 WiMAX Small Cells 225 8.28 WinnForum (Wireless Innovation Forum) 225 8.28.1 Spectrum Sharing Specifications for LTE & 5G Networks 225 9 Chapter 9: Service Provider Case Studies 227 9.1 América Móvil Group 227 9.1.1 Overview 227 9.1.2 Key Vendors 227 9.1.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 227 9.2 AT&T 229 9.2.1 Overview 229 9.2.2 Key Vendors 229 9.2.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 229 9.3 Axiata Group 231 9.3.1 Overview 231 9.3.2 Key Vendors 231 9.3.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 231 9.4 Bharti Airtel 232 9.4.1 Overview 232 9.4.2 Key Vendors 232 9.4.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 232 9.5 Boingo Wireless 233 9.5.1 Overview 233 9.5.2 Key Vendors 233 9.5.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 233 9.6 BT Group 235 9.6.1 Overview 235 9.6.2 Key Vendors 235 9.6.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 235 9.7 China Mobile 237 9.7.1 Overview 237 9.7.2 Key Vendors 237 9.7.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 237 9.8 China Telecom 239 9.8.1 Overview 239 9.8.2 Key Vendors 239 9.8.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 239 9.9 China Unicom 241 9.9.1 Overview 241 9.9.2 Key Vendors 241 9.9.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 241 9.10 Chunghwa Telecom 242 9.10.1 Overview 242 9.10.2 Key Vendors 242 9.10.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 242 9.11 DT (Deutsche Telekom) 243 9.11.1 Overview 243 9.11.2 Key Vendors 243 9.11.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 243 9.12 Fon 244 9.12.1 Overview 244 9.12.2 Key Vendors 244 9.12.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 244 9.13 KDDI Corporation 246 9.13.1 Overview 246 9.13.2 Key Vendors 246 9.13.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 246 9.14 KPN 247 9.14.1 Overview 247 9.14.2 Key Vendors 247 9.14.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 247 9.15 KT Corporation 248 9.15.1 Overview 248 9.15.2 Key Vendors 248 9.15.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 248 9.16 LG Uplus 250 9.16.1 Overview 250 9.16.2 Key Vendors 250 9.16.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 250 9.17 MegaFon 252 9.17.1 Overview 252 9.17.2 Key Vendors 252 9.17.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 252 9.18 MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) 253 9.18.1 Overview 253 9.18.2 Key Vendors 253 9.18.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 253 9.19 NTT DoCoMo 254 9.19.1 Overview 254 9.19.2 Key Vendors 254 9.19.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 254 9.20 Orange 256 9.20.1 Overview 256 9.20.2 Key Vendors 256 9.20.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 256 9.21 SFR 258 9.21.1 Overview 258 9.21.2 Key Vendors 258 9.21.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 258 9.22 Singtel 259 9.22.1 Overview 259 9.22.2 Key Vendors 259 9.22.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 259 9.23 SK Telecom 261 9.23.1 Overview 261 9.23.2 Key Vendors 261 9.23.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 261 9.24 SoftBank Group 264 9.24.1 Overview 264 9.24.2 Key Vendors 264 9.24.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 264 9.25 Sprint Corporation 267 9.25.1 Overview 267 9.25.2 Key Vendors 267 9.25.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 267 9.26 Telefónica Group 269 9.26.1 Overview 269 9.26.2 Key Vendors 269 9.26.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 269 9.27 Telenor Group 271 9.27.1 Overview 271 9.27.2 Key Vendors 271 9.27.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 271 9.28 Telia Company 272 9.28.1 Overview 272 9.28.2 Key Vendors 272 9.28.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 272 9.29 Telstra 273 9.29.1 Overview 273 9.29.2 Key Vendors 273 9.29.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 273 9.30 Telus Corporation 274 9.30.1 Overview 274 9.30.2 Key Vendors 274 9.30.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 274 9.31 TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile) 276 9.31.1 Overview 276 9.31.2 Key Vendors 276 9.31.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 276 9.32 VEON 278 9.32.1 Overview 278 9.32.2 Key Vendors 278 9.32.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 278 9.33 Verizon Communications 280 9.33.1 Overview 280 9.33.2 Key Vendors 280 9.33.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 280 9.34 Vodafone Group 282 9.34.1 Overview 282 9.34.2 Key Vendors 282 9.34.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 282 10 Chapter 10: Wireless Network Infrastructure Incumbents 284 10.1 Cisco Systems 284 10.2 Datang Mobile 287 10.3 Ericsson 288 10.4 FiberHome Technologies 291 10.5 Fujitsu 292 10.6 Huawei 294 10.7 NEC Corporation 296 10.8 Nokia Networks 298 10.9 Samsung Electronics 301 10.10 ZTE 304 11 Chapter 11: Macrocell RAN, Small Cell, C-RAN & Mobile Core Specialists 307 11.1 6Harmonics 307 11.2 Accelleran 308 11.3 Adax 309 11.4 ADB 310 11.5 Affirmed Networks 311 11.6 Air-Lynx 312 11.7 Airspan Networks 313 11.8 Alpha Networks 315 11.9 Altiostar Networks 316 11.10 Arcadyan Technology Corporation 317 11.11 Argela 318 11.12 Artemis Networks 320 11.13 Aselan 321 11.14 Askey Computer Corporation 322 11.15 ASOCS 323 11.16 Athonet 324 11.17 AttoCore 325 11.18 Baicells Technologies 326 11.19 Brocade Communications Systems 327 11.20 Casa Systems 328 11.21 CCN (Cirrus Core Networks) 329 11.22 cellXica 330 11.23 CND (Core Network Dynamics) 331 11.24 Collinear Networks 333 11.25 Contela 334 11.26 CS Corporation 335 11.27 Delta Electronics 336 11.28 Druid Software 337 11.29 EION Wireless 338 11.30 Expeto Wireless 339 11.31 Facebook 340 11.32 Fairwaves 343 11.33 Fujian Sunnada Network Technology 345 11.34 Gemtek Technology 346 11.35 GENBAND 347 11.36 General Dynamics Mission Systems 348 11.37 GIKO GROUP Telecomunicaciones 349 11.38 Google 350 11.39 Guangzhou Iplook Technologies 352 11.40 GWT (Global Wireless Technologies) 353 11.41 Harris Corporation 354 11.42 Hitachi 355 11.43 IDY Corporation 356 11.44 InnoWireless 357 11.45 ip.access 359 11.46 JRC (Japan Radio Company) 361 11.47 Juni Global 362 11.48 Kleos 363 11.49 Lemko Corporation 364 11.50 LGS Innovations 365 11.51 Luminate Wireless 366 11.52 Mavenir Systems 367 11.53 MitraStar Technology Corporation 369 11.54 Moseley Associates 370 11.55 Netas 371 11.56 New Postcom Equipment 372 11.57 NewNet Mobile Communications 373 11.58 NuRAN Wireless 374 11.59 Oceus Networks 376 11.60 Omoco 378 11.61 OpenCell 379 11.62 Panda Electronics Group 380 11.63 Parallel Wireless 381 11.64 Phluido 382 11.65 PMN (Private Mobile Networks) 384 11.66 Polaris Networks 385 11.67 Potevio 386 11.68 Quanta Computer 387 11.69 Qucell 388 11.70 Quortus 389 11.71 Range Networks 390 11.72 Redline Communications 391 11.73 Sagemcom 392 11.74 Samji Electronics 393 11.75 SerComm Corporation 394 11.76 SiRRAN Communications 395 11.77 Sistelbanda 396 11.78 SITRONICS 397 11.79 SK Telesys 398 11.80 Sonus Networks 399 11.81 Sooktha 400 11.82 SpiderCloud Wireless 401 11.83 Star Solutions 403 11.84 Starry 405 11.85 Technicolor 406 11.86 Tecom 407 11.87 Tecore Networks 408 11.88 TEKTELIC Communications 409 11.89 Telrad Networks 411 11.90 Telum 412 11.91 Tropico 413 11.92 Vanu 414 11.93 VNL (Vihaan Networks Limited) 416 11.94 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) 417 11.95 WTL (World Telecom Labs) 418 11.96 Wytec International 419 11.97 Z-Com 420 12 Chapter 12: Antenna, DAS, RRH, Repeater & Site Solution Specialists 421 12.1 AAS (Amphenol Antenna Solutions) 421 12.2 Ace Technologies Corporation 423 12.3 AceAxis 424 12.4 ACOME 425 12.5 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) 426 12.6 Alpha Wireless 427 12.7 American Tower Corporation 428 12.8 Anertai Communications 429 12.9 Arqiva 430 12.10 Bird Technologies 431 12.11 Black Box Corporation 432 12.12 BlueWaveTel 433 12.13 Boomsense/Bangxun Technology 434 12.14 BTI Wireless 435 12.15 CCI (Communication Components, Inc.) 436 12.16 CCI Systems 438 12.17 Cellcomm Solutions 439 12.18 CellMax Technologies 440 12.19 Cellnex Telecom 441 12.20 Cobham Wireless 442 12.21 Comba Telecom 443 12.22 CommScope 444 12.23 Comtech Korea 446 12.24 Corning 447 12.25 Crown Castle International Corporation 448 12.26 Dali Wireless 449 12.27 DENGYO (Nihon Dengyo Kosaku) 450 12.28 DYNE TECH 451 12.29 Eahison Communication 452 12.30 Ethertronics 453 12.31 ExteNet Systems 454 12.32 Filtronic 455 12.33 Foshan Anderson Communication Equipment 456 12.34 Foxcom 457 12.35 Frog Cellsat 458 12.36 Fujian Helios Technologies 459 12.37 Galtronics Corporation 460 12.38 Gamma Nu 461 12.39 Goodman Networks 462 12.40 GRENTECH 463 12.41 Hansen Technology 464 12.42 Hefei Maniron Electronic and Technology 465 12.43 Hilinks Technology 466 12.44 HUBER+SUHNER 467 12.45 Impower Technology 468 12.46 Innertron 469 12.47 Jiangsu Hengxin Technology 470 12.48 Jiangsu Zhengkai Electronics Technology 471 12.49 JMA Wireless 472 12.50 JQL Electronics 473 12.51 Kaelus 474 12.52 Kathrein-Werke KG 475 12.53 Kisan Telecom 476 12.54 KMW 477 12.55 Maven Wireless 478 12.56 MER Group 479 12.57 Microlab 480 12.58 MTI (Microelectronics Technology, Inc.) 481 12.59 MTI Wireless Edge 482 12.60 Nextivity 483 12.61 OFS 484 12.62 OZC (Optical Zonu Corporation) 485 12.63 Panorama Antennas 486 12.64 Raycap 487 12.65 RF MORECOM KOREA 488 12.66 RF Window 489 12.67 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) 490 12.68 Rosenberger 491 12.69 R-TRON 492 12.70 Seontech 493 12.71 Shared Access 494 12.72 Shenzhen Huaptec 495 12.73 Shyam Telecom 496 12.74 Skybird Electronic Science & Technology 497 12.75 SOLiD 498 12.76 Sumitomo Electric Industries 499 12.77 Sunwave Solutions 500 12.78 Suzhou Hexagon Communication Technologies 501 12.79 Telnet Redes Inteligentes 502 12.80 TESSCO Technologies 503 12.81 Westell Technologies 504 12.82 Wevercomm 505 12.83 Wilson Electronics 506 12.84 Wuhan Fingu Electronic Technology 507 12.85 Wuhan Gewei Electronic Technologies 508 12.86 Zinwave 509 13 Chapter 13: Carrier Wi-Fi Specialists 510 13.1 4ipnet 510 13.2 ABB 511 13.3 Accuris Networks 512 13.4 Aerohive Networks 513 13.5 Altai Technologies 514 13.6 Alvarion Technologies 515 13.7 Aptilo Networks 516 13.8 Aruba Networks 517 13.9 Autelan 518 13.10 BandwidthX 519 13.11 Browan Communications 520 13.12 BSG Wireless 521 13.13 Carnegie Technologies 522 13.14 D-Link Corporation 523 13.15 Edgewater Wireless Systems 524 13.16 Firetide 525 13.17 Fortinet 526 13.18 GoNet Systems 527 13.19 Handlink Technologies 528 13.20 Kyrio 529 13.21 LigoWave 530 13.22 Linksys 531 13.23 Mojo Networks 532 13.24 NETGEAR 533 13.25 Nomadix 534 13.26 Ruckus Wireless 535 13.27 Senao Networks 536 13.28 Smith Micro Software 537 13.29 Syniverse Technologies 539 13.30 TP-LINK Technologies 540 13.31 Tranzeo Wireless Technologies 541 13.32 TruConnect Technologies 542 13.33 Ubiquiti Networks 543 13.34 Zyxel Communications Corporation 544 14 Chapter 14: Enabling & Complementary Technology Providers 545 14.1 6WIND 545 14.2 Accedian Networks 546 14.3 Accelink Technologies Corporation 547 14.4 Accuver 548 14.5 ADI (Analog Devices Inc.) 549 14.6 ADLINK Technology 550 14.7 Advantech 551 14.8 Affarii Technologies 552 14.9 Airgain 553 14.10 AirHop Communications 554 14.11 Airrays 555 14.12 AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corporation) 556 14.13 Akoustis Technologies 557 14.14 ALBEDO Telecom 558 14.15 Allot Communications 559 14.16 Altran 560 14.17 Amarisoft 561 14.18 Amdocs 562 14.19 Anritsu Corporation 563 14.20 Aquantia Corporation 564 14.21 Aricent 566 14.22 ARM Holdings 567 14.23 Artesyn Embedded Technologies 568 14.24 Artiza Networks 569 14.25 Astellia 570 14.26 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute) 571 14.27 ATDI 572 14.28 Azcom Technology 573 14.29 Benetel 574 14.30 Blu Wireless Technology 575 14.31 Blue Danube Systems 576 14.32 BoostEdge 577 14.33 Broadcom 578 14.34 C Squared Systems 580 14.35 Cadence Design Systems 581 14.36 Cambridge Consultants 582 14.37 Cavium 583 14.38 CeedTec 585 14.39 CellMining 586 14.40 Cellwize Wireless Technologies 587 14.41 CelPlan Technologies 588 14.42 Celtro 589 14.43 CEVA 590 14.44 Clavister 591 14.45 Cohere Technologies 592 14.46 Coherent Logix 594 14.47 Collision Communications 595 14.48 Comcores 596 14.49 CommAgility 597 14.50 Creanord 598 14.51 D2 Technologies 599 14.52 Dell Technologies 600 14.53 DigitalGlobe 601 14.54 Direct Beam 602 14.55 eASIC Corporation 603 14.56 EDX Wireless 604 14.57 ENENSYS Technologies 605 14.58 Eoptolink Technology 606 14.59 Ercom 607 14.60 Ethernity Networks 608 14.61 ETRI (Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea) 610 14.62 EXFO 611 14.63 Expway 612 14.64 Faraday Technology Corporation 613 14.65 Federated Wireless 614 14.66 Finisar Corporation 615 14.67 Flash Networks 616 14.68 Flex Logix Technologies 617 14.69 Forsk 618 14.70 Fraunhofer FOKUS (Institute for Open Communication Systems) 619 14.71 Fraunhofer HHI (Heinrich Hertz Institute) 620 14.72 Furuno Electric 621 14.73 Galgus 622 14.74 GenXComm 623 14.75 GigaLight 624 14.76 GlobalFoundries 625 14.77 HCL Technologies 626 14.78 Hisense 627 14.79 HPE (Hewlett Packard Enterprise) 628 14.80 IBM Corporation 629 14.81 iBwave Solutions 631 14.82 IDT (Integrated Device Technology) 632 14.83 IM Technology 633 14.84 Imec International 634 14.85 Infineon Technologies 635 14.86 InfoVista 636 14.87 InnoLight Technology 637 14.88 Intel Corporation 638 14.89 InterDigital 640 14.90 IP Light 641 14.91 iPosi 642 14.92 IS-Wireless 643 14.93 ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan) 645 14.94 Juniper Networks 646 14.95 Keima 648 14.96 Keysight Technologies 649 14.97 Koonsys Radiocommunications 651 14.98 Kumu Networks 652 14.99 Lattice Semiconductor 653 14.100 Lime Microsystems 654 14.101 Linker Networks 655 14.102 Lumentum 656 14.103 LuxCarta 657 14.104 MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings 658 14.105 Maja Systems 660 14.106 Mathworks 661 14.107 Maxim Integrated 662 14.108 MaxLinear 663 14.109 Mellanox Technologies 664 14.110 Microsemi Corporation 666 14.111 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 668 14.112 Mobiveil 670 14.113 Molex 671 14.114 Mosaik 673 14.115 Multiwave Sensors 674 14.116 N.A.T. 675 14.117 Nash Technologies 676 14.118 Netonomics 677 14.119 NETSCOUT Systems 678 14.120 NI (National Instruments) 679 14.121 Node-H 681 14.122 Nomor Research 682 14.123 NXP Semiconductors 683 14.124 Octasic 684 14.125 OE Solutions 685 14.126 Optulink 686 14.127 P.I. Works 687 14.128 Panasonic Corporation 688 14.129 Peraso Technologies 690 14.130 Plasma Antennas 691 14.131 Pletronics 692 14.132 Polystar 693 14.133 PRISMA Telecom Testing 694 14.134 Procera Networks 695 14.135 pureLiFi 696 14.136 Qorvo 697 14.137 Qualcomm 698 14.138 Qulsar 700 14.139 Qwilt 701 14.140 RADCOM 702 14.141 Radio Gigabit 703 14.142 Radisys Corporation 704 14.143 Rakon 705 14.144 Ranplan Wireless Network Design 706 14.145 Red Hat 707 14.146 RED Technologies 708 14.147 RF DSP 710 14.148 Rivada Networks 711 14.149 Rohde & Schwarz 713 14.150 Saguna Networks 714 14.151 SAI Technology 715 14.152 Sarokal Test Systems 716 14.153 SAT (Smart Antenna Technologies) 717 14.154 Sevis Systems 718 14.155 SevOne 719 14.156 Silicon Labs (Silicon Laboratories) 721 14.157 SIRADEL 722 14.158 Sivers IMA 723 14.159 Skyworks Solutions 724 14.160 Source Photonics 725 14.161 Space Data Corporation 726 14.162 SRS (Software Radio Systems) 727 14.163 STMicroelectronics 728 14.164 Tata Elxsi 729 14.165 Tech Mahindra 730 14.166 TEOCO Corporation 731 14.167 TI (Texas Instruments) 732 14.168 Tieto Corporation 733 14.169 TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) 734 14.170 TTP (The Technology Partnership) 735 14.171 Tulinx 736 14.172 U-blox 737 14.173 Vasona Networks 738 14.174 Vectron International 739 14.175 Vencore Labs 740 14.176 Viavi Solutions 741 14.177 Virtuosys 743 14.178 VMware 744 14.179 WiPro 745 14.180 Wireless Telecom Group 746 14.181 WiSig Networks 747 14.182 XCellAir 748 14.183 Xelic 749 14.184 Xilinx 750 15 Chapter 15: Mobile Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers 752 15.1 3Roam 752 15.2 4RF 753 15.3 Actelis Networks 754 15.4 Actiontec Electronics 755 15.5 Actus Networks 756 15.6 ADTRAN 757 15.7 ADVA Optical Networking 758 15.8 Advantech Wireless 759 15.9 ALAXALA Networks Corporation 760 15.10 Albis-Elcon 761 15.11 ALCOMA 762 15.12 Allied Data Technologies 763 15.13 Allied Telesis 764 15.14 APRESIA Systems 765 15.15 ARRIS International 766 15.16 Avanti Communications Group 767 15.17 Aviat Networks 768 15.18 AVM (AVM Computersysteme Vertriebs) 769 15.19 BluWan 770 15.20 BridgeWave Communications 771 15.21 CableFree (Wireless Excellence) 772 15.22 Calix 773 15.23 Cambium Networks 774 15.24 Canoga Perkins Corporation 775 15.25 Carlson Wireless Technologies 776 15.26 CarrierComm 777 15.27 CBNL (Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd.) 778 15.28 CCS (Cambridge Communication Systems) 779 15.29 Ceragon Networks 780 15.30 Cielo Networks 781 15.31 Ciena Corporation 782 15.32 Comtech EF Data Corporation 784 15.33 Comtrend Corporation 785 15.34 Corecess 786 15.35 Coriant 787 15.36 DASAN Zhone Solutions 788 15.37 DragonWave 789 15.38 E-Band Communications 790 15.39 EBlink 791 15.40 ECI Telecom 792 15.41 Ekinops 793 15.42 ELVA-1 794 15.43 Eutelsat Communications 795 15.44 Exalt Wireless 796 15.45 Extreme Networks 797 15.46 FastBack Networks 798 15.47 FibroLan 799 15.48 Furukawa Electric Group 800 15.49 Genmix Technology 801 15.50 Gilat Satellite Networks 802 15.51 HFR 803 15.52 Huahuan 804 15.53 Hughes Network Systems 805 15.54 HXI 806 15.55 InCoax 807 15.56 Infinera 808 15.57 InfiNet Wireless 810 15.58 Inmarsat 811 15.59 Intelsat 812 15.60 Intracom Telecom 813 15.61 IPITEK 814 15.62 Iskratel 815 15.63 KEYMILE 816 15.64 Ligado Networks 817 15.65 LightPointe Communications 818 15.66 Lindsay Broadband 819 15.67 Loea Corporation 820 15.68 MAX4G 821 15.69 Microwave Networks 822 15.70 MIMOtech 823 15.71 MRV Communications 824 15.72 Nexcomm Systems 825 15.73 NexxCom Wireless 826 15.74 Omnitron Systems 827 15.75 OneAccess Networks 828 15.76 OneWeb 829 15.77 Patton Electronics 830 15.78 Polewall 831 15.79 Positron 832 15.80 Proxim Wireless Corporation 833 15.81 RACOM 834 15.82 RAD Data Communications 835 15.83 RADWIN 836 15.84 Raisecom 837 15.85 REMEC Broadband Wireless Networks 838 15.86 SAF Tehnika 839 15.87 SES 840 15.88 Shyam Networks 842 15.89 SIAE Microelectronica 843 15.90 Siklu Communication 844 15.91 SkyFiber 845 15.92 SMC Networks 846 15.93 Solectek Corporation 847 15.94 Spectronite 848 15.95 Star Microwave 849 15.96 Tarana Wireless 850 15.97 Telco Systems 851 15.98 Tellion 852 15.99 Tellumat 853 15.100 Telsey 854 15.101 Thuraya Telecommunications Company 855 15.102 Tilgin 856 15.103 Trango Systems 857 15.104 Transition Networks 858 15.105 Ubiquoss 859 15.106 UTStarcom 860 15.107 ViaSat 861 15.108 VT iDirect 862 15.109 Vubiq Networks 863 15.110 Wave1 864 15.111 Wavesight 865 15.112 XAVi Technologies Corporation 866 15.113 Yamaha Corporation 867 16 Chapter 16: Market Analysis and Forecasts 868 16.1 Global Outlook for HetNet Infrastructure Investments 868 16.2 Small Cells 869 16.2.1 Segmentation by Use Case 870 16.2.1.1 Residential 871 16.2.1.2 Enterprise 872 16.2.1.3 Urban 873 16.2.1.4 Rural & Suburban 874 16.2.2 Segmentation by Form Factor 875 16.2.2.1 Femtocells 876 16.2.2.2 Picocells 877 16.2.2.3 Microcells 878 16.2.3 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 879 16.2.3.1 2G & 3G 880 16.2.3.2 LTE 881 16.2.3.3 5G NR 882 16.2.4 Segmentation by Deployment Model 883 16.2.4.1 Indoor 884 16.2.4.2 Outdoor 885 16.2.5 Segmentation by RAN Architecture 886 16.2.5.1 Standalone 887 16.2.5.2 C-RAN 888 16.3 Small Cell Backhaul 889 16.3.1 Segmentation by Technology 889 16.3.1.1 DSL 890 16.3.1.2 Ethernet 890 16.3.1.3 Microwave 891 16.3.1.4 Millimeter Wave 891 16.3.1.5 Satellite 892 16.3.1.6 Fiber & Others 892 16.4 Carrier Wi-Fi 893 16.4.1 Segmentation by Submarket 893 16.4.1.1 Access Points 894 16.4.1.2 Access Point Controllers 895 16.4.2 Segmentation by Integration Approach 896 16.4.2.1 Standalone Wi-Fi Hotspots 897 16.4.2.2 Managed Wi-Fi Offload 898 16.5 C-RAN 899 16.5.1 Segmentation by Submarket 899 16.5.1.1 RRHs 900 16.5.1.2 BBUs 901 16.5.2 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 902 16.5.2.1 3G & LTE 904 16.5.2.2 5G NR 907 16.5.3 Segmentation by Deployment Model 910 16.5.3.1 Indoor 911 16.5.3.2 Outdoor 912 16.5.4 Segmentation by Cell Size 913 16.5.4.1 Small Cells 914 16.5.4.2 Macrocells 915 16.6 C-RAN Fronthaul 916 16.6.1 Segmentation by Technology 916 16.6.1.1 Dedicated Fiber 917 16.6.1.2 WDM 917 16.6.1.3 OTN & PON 918 16.6.1.4 Ethernet 918 16.6.1.5 Microwave 919 16.6.1.6 Millimeter Wave 919 16.6.1.7 G.Fast & Others 920 16.7 DAS 921 16.7.1 Segmentation by Deployment Model 922 16.7.1.1 Indoor 923 16.7.1.2 Outdoor 924 16.8 Segmentation by Region 925 16.8.1 Small Cells 926 16.8.2 Small Cell Backhaul 927 16.8.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 927 16.8.4 C-RAN 929 16.8.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 931 16.8.6 DAS 932 16.9 Asia Pacific 933 16.9.1 Small Cells 934 16.9.2 Small Cell Backhaul 935 16.9.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 935 16.9.4 C-RAN 937 16.9.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 939 16.9.6 DAS 940 16.10 Eastern Europe 941 16.10.1 Small Cells 942 16.10.2 Small Cell Backhaul 943 16.10.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 943 16.10.4 C-RAN 945 16.10.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 947 16.10.6 DAS 948 16.11 Latin & Central America 949 16.11.1 Small Cells 950 16.11.2 Small Cell Backhaul 951 16.11.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 951 16.11.4 C-RAN 953 16.11.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 955 16.11.6 DAS 956 16.12 Middle East & Africa 957 16.12.1 Small Cells 958 16.12.2 Small Cell Backhaul 959 16.12.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 959 16.12.4 C-RAN 961 16.12.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 963 16.12.6 DAS 964 16.13 North America 965 16.13.1 Small Cells 966 16.13.2 Small Cell Backhaul 967 16.13.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 967 16.13.4 C-RAN 969 16.13.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 971 16.13.6 DAS 972 16.14 Western Europe 973 16.14.1 Small Cells 974 16.14.2 Small Cell Backhaul 975 16.14.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 975 16.14.4 C-RAN 977 16.14.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 979 16.14.6 DAS 980 17 Chapter 17: Conclusion and Strategic Recommendations 981 17.1 Why is the Market Poised to Grow? 981 17.2 Competitive Industry Landscape: Acquisitions, Alliances & Consolidation 981 17.3 What is the TCO Impact of HetNet Deployments? 983 17.4 The Formula for Success: Selecting the Right Combination of HetNet Technologies 983 17.5 Offloading with TD-LTE Small Cells 984 17.6 The Emergence of Unlicensed & Shared Spectrum Small Cells 984 17.7 What are the Prospects of Cloud RAN & Virtualized Small Cells? 986 17.8 Convergence of C-RAN and Small Cells: Distributing Baseband Intelligence 987 17.9 Accelerating the Transition to Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Networks 988 17.10 Standardization Driving RAN & Carrier Wi-Fi Integration 991 17.11 Prospects of Enterprise RAN Deployments 992 17.12 Network Visibility & OAM 993 17.13 Addressing Network Security: IPsec 994 17.14 Vendor Share Analysis 995 17.14.1 Small Cells 995 17.14.2 Carrier Wi-Fi 996 17.14.3 C-RAN 997 17.14.4 DAS 998 17.15 Strategic Recommendations 999 17.15.1 HetNet Infrastructure Vendors 999 17.15.2 Mobile Operators 1000
List of Figures Figure 1: HetNet Architecture 65 Figure 2: Small Cell Coverage Range Comparison 67 Figure 3: Key Characteristics of Small Cells 68 Figure 4: Mobile Network Data Offloading via Wi-Fi 70 Figure 5: C-RAN Architecture 72 Figure 6: Key RRH & BBU Functions 74 Figure 7: Cloud RAN Concept 75 Figure 8: Passive DAS Configuration 78 Figure 9: Active DAS Configuration 79 Figure 10: Hybrid DAS Configuration 80 Figure 11: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Region: 2017 – 2030 (Exabytes) 82 Figure 12: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Access Network Technology: 2017 – 2030 (Exabytes) 83 Figure 13: Iuh-Based Small Cell Integration in a 3G Mobile Network 90 Figure 14: Iub-Based Small Cell Integration in a 3G Mobile Network 91 Figure 15: S1 Interface-Based Small Cell Integration in an LTE Network 92 Figure 16: High Level View for NextGen System Architecture 93 Figure 17: CPRI Protocol Layers 94 Figure 18: Global SON Technology Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 107 Figure 19: RAN Functional Split Options 109 Figure 20: Performance Comparison of RAN Functional Split Options 110 Figure 21: vRAN Architecture 114 Figure 22: Virtualized Small Cell Deployment Model 116 Figure 23: TCO Comparison Between Conventional and Virtualized Small Cells ($ per GB) 118 Figure 24: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Virtualization: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 119 Figure 25: LSA (License Shared Access) Regulatory Architecture 122 Figure 26: Transition to UDNs (Ultra-Dense Networks) 134 Figure 27: 5G FWA (Fixed Wireless Access) Deployment Alternatives 136 Figure 28: Conceptual Architecture for End-to-End Network Slicing in Mobile Networks 139 Figure 29: HetNet Industry Roadmap: 2017 – 2030 140 Figure 30: HetNet Value Chain 143 Figure 31: SCaaS (Small Cells-as-a-Service) Provider and Mobile Operator Responsibilities 154 Figure 32: Global SCaaS Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 155 Figure 33: ETSI NFV Architecture 184 Figure 34: 802.11 Family of Standards by Frequency and Range 192 Figure 35: Comparison of IMT-2020 and IMT-Advanced Performance Requirements 196 Figure 36: M-CORD Focus Areas 205 Figure 37: Small Cell Forum's Release Publication Process 207 Figure 38: nFAPI Interfaces 211 Figure 39: China Mobile’s Cloud RAN Vision 238 Figure 40: NTT DoCoMo’s Advanced C-RAN Architecture 255 Figure 41: SK Telecom's SDRAN (Software Defined RAN) Architecture 263 Figure 42: SoftBank's Virtualized Small Cell Trial 265 Figure 43: Sprint's LTE UE Relay 268 Figure 44: Global HetNet Infrastructure Revenue by Submarket: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 868 Figure 45: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 869 Figure 46: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 869 Figure 47: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Use Case: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 870 Figure 48: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Use Case: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 870 Figure 49: Global Residential Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 871 Figure 50: Global Residential Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 871 Figure 51: Global Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 872 Figure 52: Global Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 872 Figure 53: Global Urban Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 873 Figure 54: Global Urban Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 873 Figure 55: Global Rural & Suburban Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 874 Figure 56: Global Rural & Suburban Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 874 Figure 57: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Form Factor: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 875 Figure 58: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Form Factor: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 875 Figure 59: Global Femtocell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 876 Figure 60: Global Femtocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 876 Figure 61: Global Picocell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 877 Figure 62: Global Picocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 877 Figure 63: Global Microcell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 878 Figure 64: Global Microcell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 878 Figure 65: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Air Interface Technology: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 879 Figure 66: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 879 Figure 67: Global 2G & 3G Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 880 Figure 68: Global 2G & 3G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 880 Figure 69: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 881 Figure 70: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 881 Figure 71: Global 5G NR Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2019 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 882 Figure 72: Global 5G NR Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2019 – 2030 ($ Million) 882 Figure 73: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 883 Figure 74: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 883 Figure 75: Global Indoor Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 884 Figure 76: Global Indoor Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 884 Figure 77: Global Outdoor Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 885 Figure 78: Global Outdoor Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 885 Figure 79: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by RAN Architecture: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 886 Figure 80: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by RAN Architecture: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 886 Figure 81: Global Standalone Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 887 Figure 82: Global Standalone Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 887 Figure 83: Global C-RAN Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 888 Figure 84: Global C-RAN Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 888 Figure 85: Global Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 889 Figure 86: Global Small Cell Backhaul Revenue by Technology: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 889 Figure 87: Global DSL Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 890 Figure 88: Global Ethernet Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 890 Figure 89: Global Microwave Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 891 Figure 90: Global Millimeter Wave Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 891 Figure 91: Global Satellite Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 892 Figure 92: Global Fiber & Other Technologies Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 892 Figure 93: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 893 Figure 94: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Revenue by Submarket: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 893 Figure 95: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 894 Figure 96: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 894 Figure 97: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 895 Figure 98: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 895 Figure 99: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments by Integration Approach: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 896 Figure 100: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue by Integration Approach: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 896 Figure 101: Global Standalone Carrier Wi-Fi Hotspot Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 897 Figure 102: Global Standalone Carrier Wi-Fi Hotspot Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 897 Figure 103: Global Managed Carrier Wi-Fi Offload Hotspot Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 898 Figure 104: Global Managed Carrier Wi-Fi Offload Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 898 Figure 105: Global C-RAN Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 899 Figure 106: Global C-RAN Revenue by Submarket: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 899 Figure 107: Global RRH Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 900 Figure 108: Global RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 900 Figure 109: Global C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 901 Figure 110: Global C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 901 Figure 111: Global C-RAN Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 902 Figure 112: Global RRH Unit Shipments by Air Interface Technology: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 902 Figure 113: Global RRH Unit Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 903 Figure 114: Global C-RAN BBU Shipments by Air Interface Technology: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 903 Figure 115: Global C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 904 Figure 116: Global C-RAN Revenue in 3G & LTE Networks: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 904 Figure 117: Global 3G & LTE RRH Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 905 Figure 118: Global 3G & LTE RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 905 Figure 119: Global 3G & LTE C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 906 Figure 120: Global 3G & LTE C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 906 Figure 121: Global C-RAN Revenue in 5G NR Networks: 2019 – 2030 ($ Million) 907 Figure 122: Global 5G NR RRH Unit Shipments: 2019 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 907 Figure 123: Global 5G NR RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2019 – 2030 ($ Million) 908 Figure 124: Global 5G NR C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2019 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 908 Figure 125: Global 5G NR C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2019 – 2030 ($ Million) 909 Figure 126: Global RRH Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 910 Figure 127: Global RRH Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 910 Figure 128: Global Indoor RRH Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 911 Figure 129: Global Indoor RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 911 Figure 130: Global Outdoor RRH Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 912 Figure 131: Global Outdoor RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 912 Figure 132: Global RRH Unit Shipments by Cell Size: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 913 Figure 133: Global RRH Unit Shipment Revenue by Cell Size: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 913 Figure 134: Global Small Cell RRH Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 914 Figure 135: Global Small Cell RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 914 Figure 136: Global Macrocell RRH Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 915 Figure 137: Global Macrocell RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 915 Figure 138: Global C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 916 Figure 139: Global C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue by Technology: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 916 Figure 140: Global Dedicated Fiber Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 917 Figure 141: Global WDM Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 917 Figure 142: Global OTN & PON Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 918 Figure 143: Global Ethernet Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 918 Figure 144: Global Microwave Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 919 Figure 145: Global Millimeter Wave Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 919 Figure 146: Global G.Fast & Other Technologies Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 920 Figure 147: Global DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 921 Figure 148: Global DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 921 Figure 149: Global DAS Node Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 922 Figure 150: Global DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 922 Figure 151: Global Indoor DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 923 Figure 152: Global Indoor DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 923 Figure 153: Global Outdoor DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 924 Figure 154: Global Outdoor DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 924 Figure 155: HetNet Infrastructure Revenue by Region: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 925 Figure 156: Small Cell Unit Shipments by Region: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 926 Figure 157: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 926 Figure 158: Small Cell Backhaul Revenue by Region: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 927 Figure 159: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments by Region: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 927 Figure 160: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 928 Figure 161: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments by Region: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 928 Figure 162: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 929 Figure 163: RRH Unit Shipments by Region: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 929 Figure 164: RRH Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 930 Figure 165: C-RAN BBU Shipments by Region: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 930 Figure 166: C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue by Region: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 931 Figure 167: C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue by Region: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 931 Figure 168: DAS Node Unit Shipments by Region: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 932 Figure 169: DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 932 Figure 170: Asia Pacific HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 933 Figure 171: Asia Pacific Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 934 Figure 172: Asia Pacific Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 934 Figure 173: Asia Pacific Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 935 Figure 174: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 935 Figure 175: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 936 Figure 176: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 936 Figure 177: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 937 Figure 178: Asia Pacific RRH Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 937 Figure 179: Asia Pacific RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 938 Figure 180: Asia Pacific C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 938 Figure 181: Asia Pacific C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 939 Figure 182: Asia Pacific C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 939 Figure 183: Asia Pacific DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 940 Figure 184: Asia Pacific DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 940 Figure 185: Eastern Europe HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 941 Figure 186: Eastern Europe Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 942 Figure 187: Eastern Europe Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 942 Figure 188: Eastern Europe Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 943 Figure 189: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 943 Figure 190: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 944 Figure 191: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 944 Figure 192: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 945 Figure 193: Eastern Europe RRH Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 945 Figure 194: Eastern Europe RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 946 Figure 195: Eastern Europe C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 946 Figure 196: Eastern Europe C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 947 Figure 197: Eastern Europe C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 947 Figure 198: Eastern Europe DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 948 Figure 199: Eastern Europe DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 948 Figure 200: Latin & Central America HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 949 Figure 201: Latin & Central America Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 950 Figure 202: Latin & Central America Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 950 Figure 203: Latin & Central America Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 951 Figure 204: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 951 Figure 205: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 952 Figure 206: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 952 Figure 207: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 953 Figure 208: Latin & Central America RRH Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 953 Figure 209: Latin & Central America RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 954 Figure 210: Latin & Central America C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 954 Figure 211: Latin & Central America C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 955 Figure 212: Latin & Central America C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 955 Figure 213: Latin & Central America DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 956 Figure 214: Latin & Central America DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 956 Figure 215: Middle East & Africa HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 957 Figure 216: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 958 Figure 217: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 958 Figure 218: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 959 Figure 219: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 959 Figure 220: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 960 Figure 221: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 960 Figure 222: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 961 Figure 223: Middle East & Africa RRH Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 961 Figure 224: Middle East & Africa RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 962 Figure 225: Middle East & Africa C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 962 Figure 226: Middle East & Africa C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 963 Figure 227: Middle East & Africa C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 963 Figure 228: Middle East & Africa DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 964 Figure 229: Middle East & Africa DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 964 Figure 230: North America HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 965 Figure 231: North America Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 966 Figure 232: North America Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 966 Figure 233: North America Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 967 Figure 234: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 967 Figure 235: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 968 Figure 236: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 968 Figure 237: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 969 Figure 238: North America RRH Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 969 Figure 239: North America RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 970 Figure 240: North America C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 970 Figure 241: North America C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 971 Figure 242: North America C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 971 Figure 243: North America DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 972 Figure 244: North America DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 972 Figure 245: Western Europe HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 973 Figure 246: Western Europe Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 974 Figure 247: Western Europe Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 974 Figure 248: Western Europe Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 975 Figure 249: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 975 Figure 250: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 976 Figure 251: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 976 Figure 252: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 977 Figure 253: Western Europe RRH Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 977 Figure 254: Western Europe RRH Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 978 Figure 255: Western Europe C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 978 Figure 256: Western Europe C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 979 Figure 257: Western Europe C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 979 Figure 258: Western Europe DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 980 Figure 259: Western Europe DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 980 Figure 260: Global Unlicensed & Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 985 Figure 261: Global Unlicensed & Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 985 Figure 262: Global Virtualized Small Cell Revenue by Submarket: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 986 Figure 263: Baseband Processing Distribution Options for C-RAN 987 Figure 264: Global Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 989 Figure 265: Global Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 990 Figure 266: Global Dual-Mode Cellular/Wi-Fi Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2017 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 991 Figure 267: Global Enterprise RAN Investments: 2017 – 2030 ($ Million) 993 Figure 268: Global Small Cell Market Share by Vendor: 2016 (%) 995 Figure 269: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Market Share by Vendor: 2016 (%) 996 Figure 270: Global C-RAN Market Share by Vendor: 2016 (%) 997 Figure 271: Global DAS Market Share by Vendor: 2016 (%) 998
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