Stationary Fuel Cells: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2014 to 2020

Published: Feb, 2014 | Pages: 603 | Publisher: WinterGreen Research
Industry: Energy | Report Format: Electronic (PDF)

The stationary fuel cells market is projected to reach USD 14.3 billion by 2020. It had attained revenue worth USD 1.2 billion in 2013. High growth is expected in the market due to demand for power that requires natural gas. Stationary fuel cells will be charged with hydrogen manufactured from solar farms. Big box retailers like WalMart, Verizon, and other data centers adopting it early will give an impetus to the market growth.

Stationary fuel cells are used to provide supplementary power in case of emergencies. They are a viable method of storing and supplying energy in critical situations. Distributed energy generation systems require modest installations and provide 24/7 load. Stationary fuel cells generate energy on-site and eliminate any dependency of energy distribution systems. The stationary fuel cells market requires government sponsorship to raise consumer awareness required for its growth.

Applications of stationary fuel cells market are UPS (uninterrupted power supply), micro combined heat and power (mCHP), and emergency power systems. UPS provides auxiliary power when the primary source of electricity is cut off or unavailable. It provides protection from constant power interruptions and prevents data loss. UPS units are primarily used for this reason in data centers and computer networks. Emergency power systems include generators and other backup systems that provide energy when regular systems fail. mCHP is a distributed energy resource used in homes or small businesses. It uses less than 5 kWe and converts energy to heat and electricity.

The stationary fuel cells market is dependent on technologies of SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell), MCFC (molten carbonate fuel cell), PEMFC (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell), and PAFC (phosphoric acid fuel cell). General Electric and Bloom Energy have announced the use of SOFC technology for megawatt stationary applications.

Asia Pacific is the largest region for the stationary fuel cells market. Japan and South Korea have the highest sales of residential mCHP. Europe seems to be the next destination for the market with Germany being particularly ready to accept the technology.

Notable players of the stationary fuel cells market include Elcore, ClearEdge Power, Delphi, BASF, and Bloom Energy. Use of fuel cells as distributed energy sources for grid stabilization will drive the market.

 Table of Contents
Stationary Fuel Cell Market Shares and Market Forecasts
Stationary Fuel Cell Market Driving Forces
Platinum Catalysts
Stationary Fuel Cell Market Forecasts

1 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Dynamics and Market Description
1.1 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Dynamics and Market Description
1.1.1 Stationary Fuel Cell Ownership Models
1.2 Distributed Power Generation
1.2.1 On-Site Power:
1.2.2 Utility Grid Support:
1.3 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
1.3.1 Next Generation SOFC
1.3.2 Bloom Energy Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
1.4 ClearEdge Power Moving away from HT-PEMFC Technology
1.5 Distributed Power Generation
1.5.1 Distributed Clean and Continuous Power Generation
1.5.2 Benefits of Bloom Energy
1.5.3 Stationary Fuel Cell Technology
1.6 Industrialization Requires Sustainable, Highly Efficient Energy
1.6.1 Fuel Cell Cogeneration
1.6.2 Stationary Fuel Cells Address Global Energy Challenge
1.6.3 Petroleum
1.7 Value Of Export Market Electricity
1.8 Fuel Cell Operation
1.8.1 Fuel Cells Definition
1.8.2 Fuel Cell Insulating Nature Of The Electrolyte
1.8.3 Inconsistency Of Cell Performance
1.8.4 Fuel Cell Performance Improvements
1.8.5 Transition To Hydrogen
1.9 Fuel Environmental Issues
1.9.1 Environmental Benefits Of Using Fuel Cell Technology
1.9.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
1.10 Battery Description
1.11 Fuel Cell Functional Characteristics
1.12 Water In A Fuel Cell System
1.13 Power Of A Fuel Cell
1.13.1 Gas Control
1.13.2 Temperature Control
1.14 Fuel Cell Converts Chemical Energy Directly Into Electricity And Heat
1.14.1 Types Of Fuel Cells
1.15 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology
1.15.1 Types Of Fuel Cells
1.15.2 Alkaline Fuel Cells
1.15.3 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells
1.15.4 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
1.15.5 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
1.15.6 PEM Technology
1.15.7 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells
1.15.8 PEM Fuel Cells
1.15.9 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell
1.15.10 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Membranes And Catalysts
1.15.11 Common Types Of Fuel Cells
1.16 Stationary Power Applications
1.16.1 Traditional Utility Electricity Generation
1.17 On Grid And Off Grid Issues
1.17.1 Stationary Public Or Commercial Buildings Fuel Cell Market
1.17.2 Distributed Power Generation
1.18 Impact Of Deregulation
1.18.1 Excess Domestic Capacity
1.18.2 Power Failures
1.19 Fuel Cell Issues
1.19.1 Fuel Cell Workings
1.19.2 Environmental Benefits Of Fuel Cells
1.19.3 Fuel-To-Electricity Efficiency
1.20 Boilers
1.20.1 Domestic Hot Water
1.20.2 Space Heating Loops
1.20.3 Absorption Cooling Thermal Loads
1.21 Fuel Cell Reliability
1.21.1 Power Quality
1.21.2 Licensing Schedules
1.21.3 Modularity
1.22 Fuel Cell Supply Infrastructure
1.23 Laws And Regulations
1.23.1 National Hydrogen Association
1.23.2 Military Solutions

2. Stationary Fuel Cell Market Shares and Market Forecasts
2.1 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Driving Forces
2.1.1 Stationary Fuel Cell Company Operating Models
2.2 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Shares
2.2.1 Bloom Energy (SOFC) Fuel Cell Comprised Of Many Flat Solid Ceramic Squares
2.2.2 FuelCell Energy (MCFC)
2.2.3 ClearEdge
2.2.4 ClearEdge / UTC Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs)
2.2.5 Ballard and IdaTech PEM
2.2.6 Acumentrics
2.3 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Forecasts
2.3.1 Stationary Fuel Cell Units Market Forecasts
2.3.2 Vision For The New Electrical Grid
2.3.3 Fuel Cell Clean Air Permitting
2.4 SOFC Fuel Cell Market Shares and Market Forecasts 
2.4.1 SOFC Stationary Fuel Cell Forecasts: Unit Shipment and Installed Base Market Penetration Analysis
2.4.2 SOFC ROI Models
2.4.3 SOFC Fuel Cell Markets
2.4.4 SOFC Specialized Ceramics
2.4.5 SOFC Stationary Fuel Cell Market Description
2.4.6 Bloom Energy SOFC
2.4.7 SOFC Methanol Fuel Cells, On The Anode Side, A Catalyst Breaks Methanol
2.5 PEM Stationary Fuel Cell Forecasts
2.5.1 PEM Telecom Fuel Cell Back Up Power Systems
2.5.2 PEM Fuel Cell: High Temperature
2.5.3 PEMFC Efficiency
2.5.4 Challenges for PEMFC Systems
2.5.5 Operating Pressure
2.5.6 Long Term Operation
2.5.7 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM) Residential Market
2.6 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)
2.6.1 MCFC Molten Carbonate Uses Nickel and Stainless Steel as Core Technology
2.6.2 MCFC Stationary Fuel Cell Market Analysis
2.6.3 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) Fuel Cell Technology 95% Combustion Efficiency
2.7 UTC PAFC Platinum Costs
2.7.1 PAFC
2.7.2 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) Technology
2.8 Distributed Campus Environments For SOFC, PEM, MCFC, and MCFC Stationary Fuel Cells
2.8.1 Government Support for Fuel Cell Technology
2.8.2 Competition For Distributed Generation Of Electricity
2.8.3 Stationary Fuel Cell Applications
2.9 Energy Market Forecasts
2.9.1 FuelCell Energy Fuel Cell Stack Module MCFC Costs
2.9.2 FuelCell Energy Cost Breakdown
2.9.3 FuelCell Energy Fuel Cell Stack Module
2.9.4 FuelCell Energy Materials Cost Reduction via Increased Power Density
2.9.5 Fuel Cell Energy Achieving Higher MCFC Power Density
2.9.6 SOFC Unfavorable Fuel Cell Market Characteristics
2.9.7 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs)
2.10 PEM Membrane, Or Electrolyte
2.10.1 PEM Proton-Conducting Polymer Membrane, (The Electrolyte)
2.11 Delivered Energy Costs
2.11.1 Nanotechnology Platinum Surface Layer on Tungsten Substrate For Fuel Cell Catalyst
2.11.2 SOFC Fuel Cell Prices
2.12 PEM, SOFC, MCFC, and PAFC Stationary Fuel Cell Applications and Uses:
2.13 MCFC, SOFC, PEMFC Projected Cost Long Term
2.14 Stationary Fuel Cells Strengths and Weaknesses
2.15 Fuel Cell Return On Investment Analysis
2.15.1 Addressable Market
2.16 Stationary Fuel Cell Prices
2.16.1 Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Prices
2.16.2 MCFC Stationary Fuel Cell Prices
2.17 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Regional Analysis
2.17.1 Stationary Fuel Cells U.S.
2.17.2 Fuel Cells California
2.17.3 Regional Stationary Fuel Cell Competition
2.17.4 CPUC Recently Approved 6 Utility Owned Fuel Cell Projects
2.17.5 Stationary Fuel Cell Installations in California
2.17.6 California Fuel Cell Installations
2.17.7 Campus Fuel Cell Food Processing Agricultural Applications / Gills Onions Stationary Fuel Cells
2.17.8 Oxnard DFC Installations
2.17.9 Europe and Japan
2.17.10 Korea
2.17.11 European Photovoltaic Industry Association and Greenpeace Global Investments In Solar Photovoltaic Projects
2.17.12 German Stationary Fuel Cells
2.17.13 Japanese Sales Prospects
2.17.14 New Sunshine Project (Japan)
2.17.15 Fuel Cell Development in Japan
2.17.16 Fuel Cell Cogeneration in Japan
2.17.17 Softbank / Bloom: Bloom Energy Japan
2.17.18 Japanese Government Subsidies
2.17.19 Fuel Cell Cogeneration In Japan
2.17.20 Establishing Codes And Standards Are Very Important For Advancing Fuel Cell Systems In Japan
2.17.21 FuelCell Energy Geographic Market Participation
2.17.22 FuelCell Energy within Korea
2.17.23 FuelCell Energy Korean Market Partner POSCO Energy
2.17.24 FuelCell Energy Within the United States
2.17.25 FuelCell Energy Bridgeport Project
2.17.26 FuelCell Energy in Canada
2.17.27 FuelCell Energy in Europe
2.17.28 FuelCell Energy European Market Developments

3 Stationary Fuel Cell Product Description
3.1 Fuel Cells
3.2 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
3.2.1 Next Generation SOFC
3.3 Bloom Energy Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
3.3.1 Bloom s Energy SOFC Specifications
3.3.2 Bloom Energy Server Architecture
3.3.3 Bloom Energy E-Bay Data Center Installation
3.4 Ceramic Fuel Cells SOFC
3.4.1 Ceramic Fuel Cells BlueGen
3.4.2 Ceramic Fuel Cells Gennex Fuel Cell Module
3.4.3 Ceramic Fuel Cells Engineered Mixed Oxide Powders
3.5 LG
3.5.1 LG Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SOFC Technology
3.6 SKKG Cultural and Historical Foundation / Hexis SOFC
3.7 Viessmann Group
3.8 The Ceres Fuel Cell
3.8.1 Ceres Power Core Technology
3.9 Acumentrics
3.9.1 Acumentrics Fuel Cell Systems Work
3.9.2 The Fuel Reformer
3.9.3 Acumentrics Small Tubes
3.9.4 Acumentrics Specialized Ceramics
3.9.5 Acumentrics Fuel Cell Technologies Ltd Trusted Power Innovations
3.10 Samsung
3.11 Delphi Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
3.11.1 Delphi / Independent Energy Partners (IEP)
3.11.2 Delphi SOFC
3.11.3 Delphi Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit
3.12 LG Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
3.13 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) Stationary Fuel Cells
3.14 ClearEdge Proton Exchange Membrane PEM Fuel Cells
3.14.1 ClearEdge PureCell. Model 5 System
3.14.2 ClearEdge PureCell. Model 400 System
3.14.3 ClearEdge PureCell. Model 400 System
3.14.4 ClearEdge fuel Cell Fleet Surpasses 1 Million Hours Of Operation
3.14.5 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs)
3.14.6 ClearEdge UTC Product : The PureCell  Model 400 Power Solution Features :
3.14.7 ClearEdge UTC PureComfort. Solutions
3.14.8 ClearEdge UTC PureComfort. Power Solutions Save Energy
3.14.9 ClearEdge UTC CO2 Emissions Reduction
3.14.10 ClearEdge UTC PureComfort. Power Solutions
3.15 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) Power Plants
3.16 FuelCell Energy
3.16.1 FuelCell Energy Power Plants Operating On Natural Gas
3.16.2 FuelCell Energy DFC Power Plant Benefits:
3.16.3 FuelCell Energy DFC Power Plant Benefits:
3.16.4 FuelCell Energy Cost Breakdown
3.16.5 FuelCell Energy Fuel Cell Stack Module
3.16.6 FuelCell Energy Materials Cost Reduction via Increased Power Density
3.16.7 FuelCell Energy Balance-of-Plant Cost Reduction With Volume Production
3.16.8 FuelCell Energy Conditioning, Installation, and Commissioning
3.16.9 FuelCell Energy to Supply 1.4 MW Power Plant to a California Utility
3.16.10 FuelCell Energy Adding Power Generating Capacity At The Point Of Use Avoids Or Reduces Investment In The Transmission And Distribution System
3.16.11 FuelCell Energy DFC1500
3.16.12 FuelCell Energy Fuel Cells Within South Korean Renewable Portfolio
3.16.13 Enbridge and FuelCell Energy Partner
3.16.14 FuelCell Energy Power Plants
3.17 Proton Exchange Membrane PEM Stationary Fuel Cells
3.18 Ballard
3.18.1 Ballard and IdaTech's PEM
3.18.2 Ballard
3.18.3 Ballard / IdaTech
3.18.4 Ballard Power Systems Fuel Cell Stack to Taiwan-Based M-Field Energy Ltd.

4 Stationary Fuel Cell Technology
4.1 Fuel Cell Emissions Profile
4.1.1 Direct FuelCell Technology
4.2 Verizon Launches Massive Green Energy Project to Power 19 Company Facilities Across the Country
4.3 Fuel Cells Offer An Economically Compelling Balance Of Attributes
4.4 Stationary Fuel Cell Government Regulation
4.5 Fuel Cell Type Of Electrolyte Used
4.5.1 PEM Fuel Cells
4.5.2 Fuel Cell Stacks
4.6 IdaTech Fuel Processing Technology
4.7 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC)
4.7.1 PAFC Platinum-Based Catalyst
4.8 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC)
4.8.1 FuelCell Energy Degradation of the Electrolyte Support
4.8.2 MCFC Stack Cost Analysis
4.8.3Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Results
4.9 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
4.9.1 SOFC Fuel Cell/Turbine Hybrids
4.9.2 Acumetrics Tubular SOFC, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology
4.1.3 Chip-Scale Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Arrays
4.10 Fuel Reformer
4.10.1 Specialized Ceramics
4.10.2 Ceramic Fuel Cells
4.11 Fuel Cell Description
4.12 Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC)
4.13 Nanotechnology Enables Overcoming Stationary Fuel Cell Cost Barriers
4.13.1 DMFC Micro And Portable Fuel Cells Components and Labor Costs
4.13.2 SOFC Fuel Cells Components and Labor Costs:
4.13.3 MCFC Fuel Cells Components and Labor Costs:
4.13.4 PAFC Fuel Cells Components and Labor Costs:
4.14 Solar Energy Complements Fuel Cell Technology
4.15 DMFC Fuel Cell Already Viable Market
4.15.1 DMFC Micro And Portable Fuel Cells Components and Labor Costs
4.15.2 Polymer-Electrolyte Membrane PEM
4.15.3 PEM Nano Metals And Alloys
4.15.4 PEM
4.16 Platinum Catalyst
4.16.1 Nanotechnology Platinum Surface Layer on Tungsten Substrate For Fuel Cell Catalyst
4.16 2 Nanotechnology Platinum Catalyst Mid Size Stationary Fuel Cells
4.16.2 Water Electrolysis Technology
4.17 Fuel Cell Nickel Borate Catalyst
4.17.1 Fuel Cell High Cost Products
4.17.2 Development of hydrogen Technologies Critical For The Growth Of The Fuel Cell Industry
4.17.3 PEM and SOFC For Home Units
4.18 PAFC and Stationary fuel cells
4.19 For MCFC:
4.20 For PAFC:
4.21 Fuel Cell Components
4.21.1 Fuel Processor (Reformer)
4.22 Fuel Cell Stack
4.23 Power Conditioner
4.24 Nano Composite Membranes
4.25 Pall Filtering of Hydrogen
4.26 IdaTech

5 Stationary Fuel Cell Company Profiles
5.1 Stationary Fuel Cell Acquisitions
5.1.1 2013: ClearEdge Power Acquires UTC Power
5.1.2 BASF Exits High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Business
5.1.3 GE
5.1.4 Air Liquide Invests in Plug Power
5.1.5 Ballard Buys IdaTech
5.1.6 Viessmann Group Acquires 50 Percent Share in Hexis AG
5.1.7 Acumentrics Acquired Fuel Cell Technologies Ltd
5.1.8 FuelCell Energy / Versa Power Systems Acquisition
5.1.9 Rolls Royce Sells Its Stationary Fuel Cell Operations Interests to LG
5.1.10 Other Transactions and Consolidation of Stationary Fuel Cell Market
5.2 Acumentrics
5.2.1 Acumentrics Technologies Ltd Rugged UPS
5.2.2 Acumentrics UPS Products
5.2.3 Acumentrics / Fuel Cell Technologies Ltd Trusted Power Innovations
5.2.4 Acumentrics / Fuel Cell Technologies
5.3 Advent Technologies
5.3.1 Advent Technologies Investors
5.3.2 Advent Technologies Target Markets For HT-PEMFC
5.3.3 Advent Target Markets
5.4 AFC Energy
5.5 Altergy
5.5.1 Altergy Mass Production And Commercial Deployment Of Rugged, Low Cost Fuel Cells
5.5.2 Altergy Global Leader In Telecom/Critical Infrastructure
5.6 Ansaldo Fuel Cells
5.7 Ballard Power Systems
5.7.1 Ballard Power Systems / IdaTech LLC / ACME Group (Gurgaon, Haryana)
5.7.2 Ballard Expanded Single Fuel Cell
5.7.3 Ballard Hydrogen
5.7.4 Ballard Buys IdaTech
5.7.5 IdaTech acquires Plug Power s LPG Off-Grid, Backup Power Stationary Product Lines
5.7.6 IdaTech Applications
5.7.7 IdaTech Wireline Communications Networks
5.7.8 Ballard Third Quarter 2013 Revenue Ballard Third Quarter 2013 Highlights
5.8 BASF
5.9 Blasch Precision Ceramics
5.10 Bloom Energy
5.10.1 Bloom Energy Fuel Cells Customer Adobe
5.10.2 Bloom Energy / University Of Arizona NASA Mars Space Program
5.10.3 SoftBank & Bloom Energy Form Joint Venture
5.11 ClearEdge Power / UTC Power
5.11.1 ClearEdge / United Technologies
5.12 Ceramic Fuel Cells
5.13 Delphi
5.13.1 Delphi Automotive LLP Revenue
5.13.2 Delphi Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit
5.14 Doosan Corporation
5.15 Elcore
5.16 Electro Power Systems
5.17 Enbridge
5.18 FuelCell Energy
5.18.1 FuelCell Energy Production Capacity
5.18.2 FuelCell Energy POSCO 121.8 MW Order
5.18.3 FuelCell Energy / Versa
5.18.4 FuelCell Energy Leading Integrated Fuel Cell Company
5.18.5 FuelCell Energy Revenue 2012, 2013
5.18.6 FuelCell Energy / Versa Power Systems, Inc. Acquisition
5.18.7 FuelCell Energy Market Activity
5.18.8 Stationary Fuel Cell ROI
5.18.9 FuelCell Energy Versa Power Systems Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Development:
5.18.10 FuelCell Energy / Versa Systems Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
5.18.11 FuelCell Energy DFC 3000 Cost Savings
5.18.12 FuelCell Energy Production and Delivery Capabilities
5.18.13 FuelCell Energy Food & Beverage Processing
5.18.14 FuelCell Energy Strategic Alliances and Market Development Agreements
5.18.15 FuelCell Energy Service Company Partners
5.18.16 FuelCell Energy Business Strategy
5.19 Fuji Electric
5.20 GE
5.20.1 GE Unmanned Aircraft
5.20.2 http://www.gepower.com/global/images/spacer.gifGE HPGS
5.21 HydroGen LLC
5.22 Hydrogenics
5.22.1 Hydrogenics Revenue
5.23 ITN Lithium Technology
5.23.1 ITN s Lithium EC sub-Division Focused On Development And Commercialization of EC
5.23.2 ITN s SSLB Division Thin-Film Battery Technology
5.23.3 ITN Lithium Air Battery
5.23.4 ITN Fuel Cell
5.23.5 ITN Thin-film Deposition Systems
5.23.6 ITN Real Time Process Control
5.23.7 ITN Plasmonics
5.24 LG Electronics
5.24.1 LG Business Divisions and Main Products
5.24.2 LG Telemonitoring Smartcare System
5.24.3 Rolls Royce Sells Its Stationary Fuel Cell Operations Interests to LG
5.25 Nuvera
5.26 Plug Power
5.26.1 Plug Power Revenue by Quarters
5.27 POSCO Power
5.28 Rolls Royce
5.29 SafeHydrogen LLC
5.30 Samsung Everland
5.30.1 Samsung
5.30.2 Samsung Finds Talent And Adapts Technology To Create Products
5.30.3 Samsung Adapts to Change, Samsung Embraces Integrity
5.30.4 Samsung Telecom Equipment Group
5.30.5 Samsung Electronics Q2 2013 Revenue
5.30.6 Samsung Memory Over Logic
5.31 Serenergy
5.32 Siemens AG
5.33 SoftBank
5.34 Southern California Edison
5.35 Truma

List of Tables and Figures
Table ES-1 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Driving Forces
Table ES-2 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Growth Drivers Worldwide
Table ES-3 Worldwide Stationary Fuel Cell Market Campus Segments
Figure ES-4 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Shares, Dollars, 2013
Figure ES-5 Stationary Fuel Cell Shipment Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Figure 1-1 Traditional Power Distribution Network vs. Fuel Cell Solution
Table 1-2 Methods Of Producing Energy
Table 1-3 Key Aspects Of Fuel Cell Stack Costs
Figure 1-4 Fuel Cell Operation
Table 1-5 Fuel Cell Operation
Figure 1-6 Stationary Fuel Cell Distributed Power Generation
Figure 1-7 Conventional Power System with Central Generation
Figure 1-8 Utility Power Systems with Distributed 1MW Fuel Cell System
Table 1-9 Fuel Cell Characteristics
Table 1-10 Fuel Cell Description
Table 1-11 Fuel Cell Categories
Table 1-12 Fuel Cell Performance Improvements
Table 1-13 Environmental Concerns Relating To Energy
Table 1-14 Environmental Benefits Of Using Fuel Cell Technology
Table 1-15 Fuel Cell Advantages Compared To Internal Combustion Engine
Table 1-16 Low-carbon production systems
Table 1-17 Fuel Cell Functional Characteristics
Table 1-18 Characteristics Of Water In Fuel Cells
Figure 1-19 Stationary Fuel Cell Growth Opportunities
Table 1-20 Types Of Fuel Cells
Table 1-21 Classes Of Fuel Cells
Table 1-22 Fuel Cell Applications
Table 1-23 Types Of Fuel Cells
Table 1-24 Classes Of Fuel Cells
Table 1-25 Fuel Cell Applications
Table 1-26 Alkaline Fuel Cell Features
Table 1-27 Phosphoric acid fuel cells applications
Table 1-28 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Features
Table 1-29 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
Table 1-30 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Features
Table 1-31 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Functions
Figure 1-32 Stationary Fuel Cell Company Operating Models
Table 1-33 Fuel Cell Issues
Table 1-34 Fuel Cell System
Table 1-35 Operation of a Fuel Cell.
Table 1-36 Fuel Cell System Relative Efficiencies
Table 1-37 Fuel Cell Reliability Research And Development Issues
Table 2-1 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Driving Forces
Table 2-2 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Growth Drivers Worldwide
Table 2-3 Worldwide Stationary Fuel Cell Market Campus Segments
Figure 2-4 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Shares, Dollars, 2013
Table 2-5 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Shares, Dollars, 2013
Figure 2-6 Bloom Energy Server
Figure 2-7 FuelCell Energy Electrochemical Device
Figure 2-8 Stationary Fuel Cell Shipment Market Forecasts, Dollars, orldwide, 2014-2020
Table 2-9 Stationary Fuel Cell Shipment Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Figure 2-10 Stationary Fuel Cell Shipment Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Table 2-11 Stationary Fuel Cell Shipment Market Forecasts Units, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Table 2-12 Stationary Fuel Cell Market Forces
Figure 2-13 SOFC Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2013
Table 2-14 SOFC Stationary Fuel Cell Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2013
Figure 2-15 Stationary SOFC Fuel Cell Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Figure 2-16 Stationary Fuel Cell SOFC Market Forecasts, Number Shipped, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Table 2-17 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) Stationary Fuel Cell Shipment Market Forecasts, Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Table 2-18 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) Stationary Fuel Cell Shipment Installed Base and Market Penetration Forecasts Units, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Figure 2-19 Reducing Hydrogen Crossover Using Nanotechnology
Table 2-20 Ceramic Fuel Cells Advantages
Figure 2-21 Stationary Fuel Cell PEM, Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Table 2-22 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell PEM Stationary Fuel Cell Shipment Market Forecasts, Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Figure 2-23 Stationary Fuel Cell Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Table 2-24 PEMFC Efficiency
Table 2-25 Stationary Fuel Cell Long-Term Operation
Table 2-26 MCFC Technology Development Functions
Table 2-27 MCFC Near-zero NOX, SOX and low CO2 emissions
Figure 2-28 FuelCell Energy 2.4 MW Fuel Cell Power Plant Inchon, South Korea
Table 2-29 MCFC Stationary Fuel Cell Technology
Table 2-30 Stationary Fuel Cell Distributed Campus Environments Target Markets Worldwide, 2013
Table 2-31 Stationary Fuel Cell Shipment SOFC, PEM, MCFC, and MCFC Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Table 2-32 Stationary Fuel Cell Shipment SOFC, PEM, MCFC, and MCFC Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, 2014-2020
Figure 2-33 Stationary Fuel Cell Applications
Figure 2-34 Global Demand For Electric Power
Figure 2-35 Cost of Electricity Grid and Stationary Fuel Cell
Table 2-36 Complete Fuel Cell Power Plant
Table 2-37 Opportunity for PAFC Cost Reductions Opportunity Area
Table 2-38 PAFC Stack Costs
Figure 2-39 Fuel Cell Image
Table 2-40 PEM Stack Costs
Figure 2-42 Delivered Energy Costs
Table 2-43 Stationary Fuel Cell Markets
Table 2-45 Stationary Fuel Cells Strengths and Weaknesses
Table 2-46 Cost Comparison of Available Technologies for a 5kW Plant
Table 2-47 Unsubsidzed Levelized Cost of Energy
Table 2-48 MCFC Stack Costs
Table 2-49 Stationary Fuel Cell Regional Market Segments, Dollars, 2013
Table 2-50 Stationary Fuel Cell Regional Market Segments, 2013
Figure 2-51 Stationary Fuel Cell Installations in California
Figure 2-52 Efficient Pipeline Pressure Reduction
Table 2-53 Types Of Campus Fuel Cell Power Plants
Figure 2-54 FuelCell Energy 600 KW DFC, Gills Onions Oxnard, CA
Figure 2-55 Korea s Energy Mix 2030
Figure 2-57 Korea s Energy Application Sectors
Figure 2-58 Korean NRE New and Renewable Energy
Figure 2-59 Korean Research & Development in NRE
Figure 2-60 Korean Local Plan for Promoting NRE
Figure 2-61 FuelCell Energy Environmental Tangible Benefits
Figure 2-62 Hybrid Electric Vehicles Costs
Figure 2-63 US Energy Costs
Figure 2-64 Hydrogen Cost From On Site Steam
Figure 2-65 German Bonus for Electricity Produced Through CHP Units
Table 2-66 Japanese Sales Prospects
Figure 2-67 FuelCell Energy Regional Positioning
Figure 2-68 FuelCell Energy Regional Business Activity
Figure 3-1 Bloom ES-5700 Fuel Cell
Figure 3-2 Bloom s Energy SOFC Specifications
Table 3-3 Bloom Energy SOCF Fuel Cell Specifications
Figure 3-4 Bloom Energy Server
Table 3-5 Bloom Performance Gain From Modular Architecture
Figure 3-6 Bloom Energy Data Center Installation
Figure 3-7 Ceramic Fuel Cells BlueGen Products
Figure 3-8 Ceramic Fuel Cells BlueGen Installation
Figure 3-9 Ceramic Fuel Cells BlueGen Efficiency Comparison
Figure 3-10 LG 1 MW SOFC System
Figure 3-11 LG Fuel Cell Power Generation Used to Power Electronics and Excess Sold to Grid
Figure 3-12 LG Integrated Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SOFC
Figure 3-13 LG Integrated Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SOFC 60 Cell Technology
Figure 3-14 LG Integrated Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SOFC
Figure 3-15 Ceres Power SOFC Fuel Cell
Figure 3-16 Acumentrics Fuel Cell Systems Functions
Figure 3-17 Acumentrics Small Tubes
Table 3-18 Acumentrics Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Functions
Figure 3-19 Delphi Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Table 3-20 Delphi Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Benefits
Table 3-21 Delphi Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Typical Applications
Figure 3-22 Delphi Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Transportation Application
Figure 3-23 LG Fuel Cell Process
Table 3-24 LG Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Features
Figure 3-25 ClearEdge PureCell. Model 5 System Generates 5 kW
Figure 3-26 PureCell. Model 5 System Specifications
Table 3-27 ClearEdge The Model 5 System Benefits
Table 3-28 ClearEdge The Model 5 System Functions
Table 3-29 ClearEdge The Model 5 system Functions
Figure 3-30 ClearEdge PureCell. Model 400 System
Figure 3-31 ClearEdge PureCell. Model 400 System Characteristics
Figure 3-32 UTC Power Fuel Cells Also Qualify For LEED.  (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Points.
Table 3-33 UTC PureCell system Features
Figure 3-34 UTC Fuel cell Supplier To NASA For Space Missions For Over 40 Years
Table 3-35 UTC  Performance Characteristics  POWER
Figure 3-36 ClearEdge UTC PureCell Solution Emissions
Table 3-37 ClearEdge UTC Stationary Fuel Cell Energy Efficiency Positioning
Table 3-38 ClearEdge UTC Microturbine Chiller/Heater and System Level Functions
Table 3-39 ClearEdge UTC stationary Fuel cell Benefits :
Table 3-40 ClearEdge UTC Stationary Fuel Cell Emissions Benefits
Table 3-41 ClearEdge UTC Stationary Fuel Cell Emissions CO2 Emissions Reduction Calculations
Figure 3-42 ClearEdge UTC Pollutant Emissions Comparisons
Table 3-43 ClearEdge UTC PureComfort. Power Solutions
Table 3-44 FuelCell Energy Power Plant Advantages:
Table 3-45 FuelCell Energy Product Advantages
Table 3-46 FuelCell Energy Fuel Cell Power Plant Models
Table 3-47 FuelCell Energy DFC Power Plant Benefits:
Figure 3-48 Fuel Cell Electrochemical Device
Figure 3-49 Direct Fuel Cell (DFC) Power Plants Offer The Highest Efficiency Which Is Key To Customer Value
Figure 3-50 FuelCell Energy 1 MW DFC California State University - Northridge
Table 3-51 FuelCell Energy Cost Reduction Opportunities for the DFC 1500 Power Plant Operating On Pipeline-Quality Natural Gas
Figure 3-52 Enbridge and FuelCell Energy
Figure 3-53 Direct Fuel Cell Power Plant
Table 3-54 Ballard Power Systems Comprehensive Portfolio Of Fuel Cell Products
Table 3-55 Ballard Power Systems Fuel Cell Products
Figure 3-56 Ballard Power Systems Cleargen Mulit-Megawatt Fuel Cell System
Figure 3-57 IdaTech Fuel Cell System
Table 3-58 Ballard / IdaTech ElectraGen ME System Functions
Table 3-59 Ballard / IdaTech ElectraGen ME System Functions
Table 4-1 Favorable Emissions Profile Of DFC Power Plants
Table 4-2 DFC Technology Advantages
Table 4-3 Fuel Cell Types Of Electrical Efficiency, Operating Temperature, Expected Capacity Range, And Byproduct Heat
Table 4-4 Fuel Cell Technologies
Table 4-5 Fuel Cells By Fuel
Figure 4-6 Fuel Cells Offer An Economically Compelling Balance Of Attributes
Figure 4-7 Efficiency Differences Among Fuel Cell Technologies
Table 4-8 Stationary Fuel Cell Products Regulation
Table 4-9 Fuel cell Types By T Electrolyte
Figure 4-10 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells
Figure 4-11 PEM Fuel Cell Operation
Figure 4-12 Fuel Cell Stacks
Figure 4-13 Fuel Cell Stack Components
Table 4-14 Opportunity for PAFC Cost Reductions Opportunity Area
Table 4-15 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell R&D areas to be addressed
Figure 4-16 MCFC Cost Components of Electricity vs. Fuel Cell Capital Cost
Figure 4-17 Siemens Westinghouse's 250-Kilowatt Atmospheric Pressure Combined Heat And Power Fuel Cell System
Figure 3-18 Chip-Scale Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Arrays
Figure 3-19 Use of Vanadium Oxide Anode Allows Energy Storage In Quasi-2d Oxide Fuel Cell Membranes
Table 4-20 Ceramic Fuel Cells Advantages
Figure 4-21 Bloom Energy Fuel Cell Description
Figure 4-22 Bloom Energy Fuel Cell Description (2)
Figure 4-23 Bloom Energy Fuel Cell Description (3)
Figure 4-24 Bloom Energy Fuel Cell Description
Figure 4-25 Bloom Energy Fuel Cell Description (5)
Figure 4-26 Fuel Cell Flow Plates
Figure -4-27 Home Hydrogen Refueler
Figure 4-28 Fuel Cell Components
Figure4-29 How A Fuel Cell Works
Figure4-30 Stationary Fuel Cell Steam Reformer
Figure 4-31 Hydrogen Reformer Components
Figure 4-32  1 Fuel Processor (Reformer), 2 Fuel Cell Stack, 3 Power Conditioner
Figure 4-33 Reducing Hydrogen Crossover Using Nanotechnology
Figure 4-34 Comparison of the Performance of Nanocomposite Membranes
Figure 4-35 Catalytic Reformer and Refinery Hydrogen System
Table 5-1 Acumentrics Technologies Ltd Rugged UPS
Table 5-2 Acumentrics UPS  Products Target Markets
Table 5-3 Acumentrics UPS  Customers
Table 5-4 Acumentrics Rugged-UPS  Designs
Figure 5-5 Acumentrics Fuel Cell Power Generator
Table 5-6 Acumentrics Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Functions
Figure 5-7 Acumentrics / Fuel Cell Technologies (FCT) Fuel Cell Test Station QA Testing Area
Figure 5-8 Altergy Mass Production Of Rugged, Low Cost Fuel Cells
Figure 5-9 Altergy Fuel Cells
Figure 5-10 Altergy Freedom PowerFuel Cell, Generator, Unconditioned Batteries and Conditioned Batteries Comparison TCO
Table 5-11 Altergy s Market Leading Freedom Power  Systems
Figure 5-12 Ballard. Fuel Cell
Table 5-13 Ballard Hydrogen Systems
Table 5-14 Bloom Energy Customers
Figure 5-15 Bloom Energy Customers
Table 5-16 Elcore Stationary Fuel Cell Technical Details
Figure 5-17 Enbridge Overview
Table 5-18 Enbridge Statistics
Figure 5-19 Enbridge Hybrid Fuel Cell
Figure 5-20 FuelCell Energy Positioning
Table 5-21 FuelCell Energy Positioning
Figure 5-22 Fuel Cell Energy Revenue
Figure 5-23 FuelCell Quarterly Financial Highlights
Table 5-24 FuelCell Energy Leading Customers
Figure 5-25 Fuel Cell Energy Product Cost per kW
Table 5-26 FuelCell Energy Key Installations
Figure 5-27 Versa Systems Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Figure 5-28 Versa Systems Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology
Figure 5-29 FuelCell Energy DFC 3000 Cost Savings
Figure 5-30 FuelCell Energy Production Capabilities
Table 5-31 FuelCell Energy Active Project Pipelines
Figure 5-32 FuelCell Energy Tangible Environmental Benefits
Figure 5-33 FuelCell Energy Efficiency Differences Between Technologies
Table 5-34 FuelCell Energy Markets
Table 5-35 FuelCell Energy Global Relationships
Table 5-36 FuelCell Energy Partner Descriptions
Figure 5-37 FuelCell Energy Installation Strategic Execution
Figure 5-38 FuelCell Energy Installation Business Activity
Figure 5-39 FuelCell Energy Installed Base
Table 5-40 ITN Technologies
Figure 5-41 ITN Thin Film Battery Technology
Figure 5-42 ITN Battery
Figure 5-43 ITN Thin-Film Deposition Systems
Figure 5-44 ITN s Thin-Film Deposition Systems
Table 5-45 ITN Thin-Film Deposition Systems Products and Services Offered
Table 5-46 ITN Thin-Film Deposition Systems
Figure 5-47 ITNIYN Fuel Cells
Figure 5-48 LG Corp Holding Structure
Figure 5-49 LG Global Sales
Figure 5-50 LG Business Divisions and Main Products
Table 5-51 LG Product Offerings
Figure 5-52 LG Global Network
Figure 5-53 LG Faster and Smarter Technology Innovation
Figure 5-54 LG Global Marketing

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