Global Milk Cooler Market Research Report 2018-2023 by Players, Regions, Product Types & Applications

 Table of Contents

Global Milk Cooler Market Research Report 2017-2022 by Players, Regions, Product Types & Applications
Chapter One Methodology and Data Source
    1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
        1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
        1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
        1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
    1.2 Data Source
        1.2.1 Secondary Sources
        1.2.2 Primary Sources
    1.3 Disclaimer

Chapter Two Milk Cooler Market Overview
    2.1 Market Coverage
    2.2 Global Milk Cooler Market Sales Volume Revenue and Price 2012-2017

Chapter Three Milk Cooler by Key Players 2013-2018
    3.1 Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume Market Share by Key Players 2013-2018
    3.2 Global Milk Cooler Revenue Share by Key Players 2013-2018
    3.3 Global Key Players Milk Cooler Key Product Model and Market Performance
    3.4 Global Key Players Milk Cooler Key Target Consumers and Market Performance

Chapter Four Milk Cooler by Regions 2013-2018
    4.1 Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by Regions 2013-2018
    4.2 Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by Regions 2013-2018
    4.3 Global Milk Cooler Price by Regions 2013-2018
    4.4 North America
        4.4.1 United States
        4.4.2 Canada
    4.5 Latin America
        4.5.1 Mexico
        4.5.2 Brazil
        4.5.3 Argentina
        4.5.4 Others in Latin America
    4.6 Europe
        4.6.1 Germany
        4.6.2 United Kingdom
        4.6.3 France
        4.6.4 Italy
        4.6.5 Spain
        4.6.6 Russia
        4.6.7 Netherland
        4.6.8 Others in Europe
    4.7 Asia & Pacific
        4.7.1 China
        4.7.2 Japan
        4.7.3 India
        4.7.4 Korea
        4.7.5 Australia
        4.7.6 Southeast Asia
            4.7.6.1 Indonesia
            4.7.6.2 Thailand
            4.7.6.3 Philippines
            4.7.6.4 Vietnam
            4.7.6.5 Singapore
            4.7.6.6 Malaysia
            4.7.6.7 Others in Southeast Asia
    4.8 Africa & Middle East
        4.8.1 South Africa
        4.8.2 Egypt
        4.8.3 Turkey
        4.8.4 Saudi Arabia
        4.8.5 Iran
        4.8.6 Others in Africa & Middle East

Chapter Five Milk Cooler Market by Product Types
    5.1 Milk Cooler, by Cooling Method 2013-2018
        5.1.1 Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by Cooling Method 2013-2018
        5.1.2 Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by Cooling Method 2013-2018
        5.1.3 Global Milk Cooler Price by Cooling Method 2013-2018
        5.1.4 Direct Cooling
        5.1.5 Indirect Cooling
    5.2 Milk Cooler, by  2013-2018

Chapter Six Global Key Players Profile
    6.1 BECO Dairy Automation, Inc.
        6.1.1 BECO Dairy Automation, Inc. Company Details and Competitors
        6.1.2 BECO Dairy Automation, Inc. Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
        6.1.3 BECO Dairy Automation, Inc. Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
        6.1.4 BECO Dairy Automation, Inc. Milk Cooler Sales Volume Revenue Price Cost and Gross Margin
    6.2 BouMatic
        6.2.1 BouMatic Company Details and Competitors
        6.2.2 BouMatic Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
        6.2.3 BouMatic Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
        6.2.4 BouMatic Milk Cooler Sales Volume Revenue Price Cost and Gross Margin
    6.3 Daritech, Inc.
        6.3.1 Daritech, Inc. Company Details and Competitors
        6.3.2 Daritech, Inc. Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
        6.3.3 Daritech, Inc. Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
        6.3.4 Daritech, Inc. Milk Cooler Sales Volume Revenue Price Cost and Gross Margin
    6.4 Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
        6.4.1 Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Company Details and Competitors
        6.4.2 Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
        6.4.3 Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
        6.4.4 Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Milk Cooler Sales Volume Revenue Price Cost and Gross Margin
    6.5 Lister
        6.5.1 Lister Company Details and Competitors
        6.5.2 Lister Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
        6.5.3 Lister Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
        6.5.4 Lister Milk Cooler Sales Volume Revenue Price Cost and Gross Margin
    6.6 Paul Mueller Company
        6.6.1 Paul Mueller Company Company Details and Competitors
        6.6.2 Paul Mueller Company Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
        6.6.3 Paul Mueller Company Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
        6.6.4 Paul Mueller Company Milk Cooler Sales Volume Revenue Price Cost and Gross Margin
    6.7 Risto GbR
        6.7.1 Risto GbR Company Details and Competitors
        6.7.2 Risto GbR Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
        6.7.3 Risto GbR Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
        6.7.4 Risto GbR Milk Cooler Sales Volume Revenue Price Cost and Gross Margin
    6.8 SAC Christensen & CO.
        6.8.1 SAC Christensen & CO. Company Details and Competitors
        6.8.2 SAC Christensen & CO. Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
        6.8.3 SAC Christensen & CO. Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
        6.8.4 SAC Christensen & CO. Milk Cooler Sales Volume Revenue Price Cost and Gross Margin
    6.9 SERAP INDUSTRIES
        6.9.1 SERAP INDUSTRIES Company Details and Competitors
        6.9.2 SERAP INDUSTRIES Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
        6.9.3 SERAP INDUSTRIES Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
        6.9.4 SERAP INDUSTRIES Milk Cooler Sales Volume Revenue Price Cost and Gross Margin
    6.10 System Happel GmbH
        6.10.1 System Happel GmbH Company Details and Competitors
        6.10.2 System Happel GmbH Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
        6.10.3 System Happel GmbH Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
        6.10.4 System Happel GmbH Milk Cooler Sales Volume Revenue Price Cost and Gross Margin
    6.11 Waikato Milking Systems NZ Ltd.

Chapter Seven Milk Cooler by Appliance 2013-2018
    7.1 Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by Appliance 2013-2018
    7.2 Farm
    7.3 Dairy Company
    7.4 Others
    7.5 Consuming Habit and Preference

Chapter Eight Industry Chain and Supply Chain
    8.1 Milk Cooler Industry Chain Structure
        8.1.1 R&D
        8.1.2 Raw Materials (Components)
        8.1.3 Manufacturing Plants
        8.1.4 Regional Trading (Import Export and Local Sales)
        8.1.5 Online Sales Channel
        8.1.6 Offline Channel
        8.1.7 End Users
    8.2 Milk Cooler Manufacturing
        8.2.1 Key Components
        8.2.2 Assembly Manufacturing
    8.3 Consumer Preference
    8.4 Behavioral Habits
    8.5 Marketing Environment

Chapter Nine Global Milk Cooler Market Size (Sales and Revenue) Forecast (2018-2023)
    9.1 Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD) Forecast (2018-2023)
    9.2 Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
    9.3 Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2023)
    9.4 Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) Forecast by Cooling Method (2018-2023)
    9.5 Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) Forecast by  (2018-2023)

Chapter Ten Development Trend and Research Conclusion
    10.1 Development Trend
    10.2 Research Conclusion

List of Tables and Figures

    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume (K Units), Revenue (Million USD) and Price (USD/Unit)(2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume (K Units) by Key Players (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume Market Share by Key Players (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume Market Share by Key Players 2017
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume Market Share by Key Players 2018
    Table Global Milk Cooler Revenue (Million USD) by Key Players (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by Key Players (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by Key Players 2017
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by Key Players 2018
    Table Global Key Players Key Product Model and Market Performance
    Table Global Key Players Key Target Consumers and Market Performance
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales Share by Regions (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by Regions in 2017
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by Regions in 2018
    Table Global Milk Cooler Revenue (Million USD) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2017
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
    Table Global Milk Cooler Price (USD/Unit) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table North America Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table North America Milk Cooler Revenue (Million USD) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table North America Milk Cooler Sales Volume (K Units) by Key Players 2013-2018
    Figure North America Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Latin America Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table Latin America Milk Cooler Revenue (Million USD) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table Latin America Milk Cooler Sales Volume (K Units) by Key Players (2013-2018)
    Figure Latin America Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Europe Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table Europe Milk Cooler Revenue (Million USD) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table Europe Milk Cooler Sales Volume (K Units) by Key Players (2013-2018)
    Figure Europe Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Asia & Pacific Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table Asia & Pacific Milk Cooler Revenue (Million USD) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table Asia & Pacific Milk Cooler Sales Volume (K Units) by Key Players (2013-2018)
    Figure Asia & Pacific Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Africa & Middle East Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table Africa & Middle East Milk Cooler Revenue (Million USD) by Regions (2013-2018)
    Table Africa & Middle East Milk Cooler Sales Volume (K Units) by Key Players (2013-2018)
    Figure Africa & Middle East Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) by Cooling Method (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by Cooling Method (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by Cooling Method in 2017
    Table Global Milk Cooler Revenue (Million USD) by Cooling Method (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by Cooling Method (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by Cooling Method in 2017
    Table Global Milk Cooler Price (USD/Unit) by Cooling Method (2013-2018)
    Table Top Players of Direct Cooling Milk Cooler Products List
    Figure Global Direct Cooling Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Top Players of Indirect Cooling Milk Cooler Products List
    Figure Global Indirect Cooling Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) by  (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by  (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by  in 2017
    Table Global Milk Cooler Revenue (Million USD) by  (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by  (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by  in 2017
    Table Global Milk Cooler Price (USD/Unit) by  (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) by  (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by  (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by  in 2016
    Table Global Milk Cooler Revenue (Million USD) by  (2013-2018)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by  (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share by  in 2016
    Table Global Milk Cooler Price (USD/Unit) by  (2013-2018)
    Table BECO Dairy Automation, Inc. Company Details and Competitors
    Table BECO Dairy Automation, Inc. Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
    Table BECO Dairy Automation, Inc. Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
    Table BECO Dairy Automation, Inc. Milk Cooler Output (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure BECO Dairy Automation, Inc. Milk Cooler Sales(Million Unit) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure BECO Dairy Automation, Inc. Milk Cooler Sales Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Figure BECO Dairy Automation, Inc. Milk Cooler Sales Revenue(Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure BECO Dairy Automation, Inc. Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Table BouMatic Company Details and Competitors
    Table BouMatic Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
    Table BouMatic Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
    Table BouMatic Milk Cooler Output (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure BouMatic Milk Cooler Sales(Million Unit) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure BouMatic Milk Cooler Sales Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Figure BouMatic Milk Cooler Sales Revenue(Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure BouMatic Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Table Daritech, Inc. Company Details and Competitors
    Table Daritech, Inc. Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
    Table Daritech, Inc. Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
    Table Daritech, Inc. Milk Cooler Output (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Daritech, Inc. Milk Cooler Sales(Million Unit) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Daritech, Inc. Milk Cooler Sales Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Figure Daritech, Inc. Milk Cooler Sales Revenue(Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Daritech, Inc. Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Table Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Company Details and Competitors
    Table Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
    Table Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
    Table Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Milk Cooler Output (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Milk Cooler Sales(Million Unit) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Milk Cooler Sales Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Figure Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Milk Cooler Sales Revenue(Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Kurtsan Tarim End. Mak. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Table Lister Company Details and Competitors
    Table Lister Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
    Table Lister Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
    Table Lister Milk Cooler Output (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Lister Milk Cooler Sales(Million Unit) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Lister Milk Cooler Sales Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Figure Lister Milk Cooler Sales Revenue(Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Lister Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Table Paul Mueller Company Company Details and Competitors
    Table Paul Mueller Company Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
    Table Paul Mueller Company Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
    Table Paul Mueller Company Milk Cooler Output (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Paul Mueller Company Milk Cooler Sales(Million Unit) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Paul Mueller Company Milk Cooler Sales Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Figure Paul Mueller Company Milk Cooler Sales Revenue(Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Paul Mueller Company Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Table Risto GbR Company Details and Competitors
    Table Risto GbR Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
    Table Risto GbR Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
    Table Risto GbR Milk Cooler Output (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Risto GbR Milk Cooler Sales(Million Unit) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Risto GbR Milk Cooler Sales Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Figure Risto GbR Milk Cooler Sales Revenue(Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure Risto GbR Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Table SAC Christensen & CO. Company Details and Competitors
    Table SAC Christensen & CO. Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
    Table SAC Christensen & CO. Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
    Table SAC Christensen & CO. Milk Cooler Output (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure SAC Christensen & CO. Milk Cooler Sales(Million Unit) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure SAC Christensen & CO. Milk Cooler Sales Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Figure SAC Christensen & CO. Milk Cooler Sales Revenue(Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure SAC Christensen & CO. Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Table SERAP INDUSTRIES Company Details and Competitors
    Table SERAP INDUSTRIES Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
    Table SERAP INDUSTRIES Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
    Table SERAP INDUSTRIES Milk Cooler Output (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure SERAP INDUSTRIES Milk Cooler Sales(Million Unit) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure SERAP INDUSTRIES Milk Cooler Sales Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Figure SERAP INDUSTRIES Milk Cooler Sales Revenue(Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure SERAP INDUSTRIES Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Table System Happel GmbH Company Details and Competitors
    Table System Happel GmbH Key Milk Cooler Models and Performance
    Table System Happel GmbH Milk Cooler Business SWOT Analysis and Forecast
    Table System Happel GmbH Milk Cooler Output (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure System Happel GmbH Milk Cooler Sales(Million Unit) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure System Happel GmbH Milk Cooler Sales Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Figure System Happel GmbH Milk Cooler Sales Revenue(Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2013-2018)
    Figure System Happel GmbH Milk Cooler Revenue Market Share (%) in Global (2013-2018)
    Table Waikato Milking Systems NZ Ltd. Company Details and Competitors
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) by Appliance (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by Appliance (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Market Share by Appliance in 2017
    Figure Global Farm Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Dairy Company Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Others Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (%) Forecast (2018-2023)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2018-2023)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions in 2023
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2023)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application (2018-2023)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application in 2023
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) Forecast by Cooling Method (2018-2023)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) Forecast by Cooling Method (2018-2023)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Cooling Method in 2023
    Table Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) Forecast by  (2018-2023)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales (K Units) Forecast by  (2018-2023)
    Figure Global Milk Cooler Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by  in 2023

 

To request a free sample copy of this report, please complete the form below.

Enter captcha code*

We never share your personal data. Privacy policy