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Published: Aug, 2017 | Pages:
213 | Publisher: SNS Research
Industry: ICT | Report Format: Electronic (PDF)
Commonly referred to as FWA, Fixed Wireless Access has emerged as one of the most predominant use cases for early 5G network rollouts. Multiple mobile operators and service providers are initially seeking to capitalize on 5G as a fixed wireless alternative to deliver last-mile connectivity - at multi-hundred Megabit and Gigabit speeds - in areas with insufficient fiber holdings. The very first standardized deployments of 5G-based FWA are expected to be commercialized as early as 2019. Largely driven by early commercial rollouts by Verizon Communications and AT&T in the United States, 5G-based FWA subscriptions are expected to account for $1 Billion in service revenue by the end of 2019 alone. The market is further expected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 84% between 2019 and 2025, eventually accounting for more than $40 Billion. The “5G for FWA (Fixed Wireless Access): 2017 - 2030 - Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts” report presents an in-depth assessment of the emerging 5G-based FWA ecosystem including key market drivers, challenges, enabling technologies, revenue potential, application scenarios, service provider deployment commitments, case studies, spectrum availability/allocation, vendor profiles and strategies. The report also presents forecasts for 5G-based FWA investments and operator services. The report comes with an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative data from all numeric forecasts presented in the report. Topics Covered The report covers the following topics: - 5G architecture, requirements and applications - Market drivers and barriers to the adoption of 5G - Key enabling technologies and complementary concepts - Business case and application scenarios for 5G-based FWA - Analysis of spectrum availability and allocation for 5G-based FWA - Case studies of 13 FWA deployments based on 5G and other wireless technologies - Company profiles and strategies of 80 FWA vendors - Strategic recommendations for vendors and service providers - Market analysis and forecasts till 2030 Forecast Segmentation Market forecasts are provided for each of the following submarkets and their subcategories: 5G Infrastructure Investments - 5G NR (New Radio) Infrastructure - NextGen (Next Generation) Core Network - Fronthaul & Backhaul Networking 5G-Based FWA User Equipment Investments - Unit Shipments - Unit Shipment Revenue 5G-Based FWA Operator Services - Subscriptions - Service Revenue Application Scenario Segmentation - Broadband Internet - Pay TV - IoT & Other Applications User Base Segmentation - Residential - Business Regional Segmentation - Asia Pacific - Eastern Europe - Latin & Central America - Middle East & Africa - North America - Western Europe Key Questions Answered The report provides answers to the following key questions: - How big is the opportunity for 5G-based FWA? - What trends, challenges and barriers will influence the development and adoption of 5G-based FWA? - How have advanced antenna and chip technologies made it possible to utilize millimeter wave spectrum for 5G-based FWA? - What are the key application scenarios for 5G-based FWA? - Can 5G-based FWA enable mobile operators to tap into the pay TV market? - How can mobile operators leverage early deployments of 5G-based FWA to better prepare their networks for planned 5G mobile service rollouts? - What will be the number of 5G-based FWA subscriptions in 2019 and at what rate will it grow? - Which regions and countries will be the first to adopt 5G-based FWA? - Which frequency bands are most likely to be utilized by 5G-based FWA deployments? - What is the cost saving potential of 5G-based FWA for last-mile connectivity? - Who are the key market players and what are their strategies? - What strategies should 5G-based FWA vendors and service providers adopt to remain competitive? Key Findings The report has the following key findings: - 5G-based FWA subscriptions are expected to account for $1 Billion in service revenue by the end of 2019 alone. The market is further expected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 84% between 2019 and 2025, eventually accounting for more than $40 Billion. - SNS Research estimates that 5G-based FWA can reduce the initial cost of establishing last-mile connectivity by as much as 40% - in comparison to FTTP (Fiber-to-the-Premises). In addition, 5G can significantly accelerate rollout times by eliminating the need to lay cables as required for FTTP rollouts. - The 28 GHz frequency band is widely preferred for early 5G-based FWA deployments, as many vendors have already developed 28 GHz-capable equipment - driven by demands for early field trials in multiple markets including the United States and South Korea. - Millimeter wave wireless connectivity specialists are well-positioned to capitalize on the growing demand for 5G-based FWA. However, in order to compete effectively against existing mobile infrastructure giants, they will need to closely align their multi-gigabit capacity FWA solutions with 3GPP specifications. - While many industry analysts believe that 5G-based FWA is only suitable for densely populated urban areas, a number of rural carriers - including C Spire and U.S. Cellular - are beginning to view 5G as a means to deliver last-mile broadband connectivity to underserved rural communities. List of Companies Mentioned • 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) • 3Roam • 4RF • Advantech Wireless • Airspan Networks • ALCOMA • Alphabet • Arqiva • AT&T • Aviat Networks • BLiNQ Networks • Blu Wireless Technology • BluWan • BridgeWave Communications • C Spire • CableFree (Wireless Excellence) • Cambium Networks • Carlson Wireless Technologies • CBNL (Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd.) • CCI (Communication Components, Inc.) • CCS (Cambridge Communication Systems) • Ceragon Networks • China Mobile • Cielo Networks • Cohere Technologies • Collinear Networks • DragonWave • E-Band Communications • EBlink • ELVA-1 • Ericsson • Exalt Wireless • Expway • Facebook • FastBack Networks • FiberTower Corporation • Filtronic • Fujitsu • GlobalFoundries • Go Long Wireless • Google • Google Fiber • Hammer Fiber • Huawei • HXI • IBM Corporation • IDT (Integrated Device Technology) • Imagine • Imec International • InfiNet Wireless • Intel Corporation • InterDigital • Intracom Telecom • ITU (International Telecommunication Union) • JRC (Japan Radio Company) • KMW • KT Corporation • Lattice Semiconductor • LG Electronics • LightPointe Communications • LigoWave • Loea Corporation • Maja Systems • MAX4G • MaxLinear • Microwave Networks • Mimosa Networks • MIMOtech • Moseley Associates • MTI (Microelectronics Technology, Inc.) • NBN Co • NEC Corporation • NetComm Wireless • NexxCom Wireless • Nokia • Now Corporation • NTT DoCoMo • PHAZR • Polewall • Prairie Hills Wireless • Proxim Wireless Corporation • Qualcomm • RACOM • Radio Gigabit • RADWIN • Redline Communications • Redzone Wireless • REMEC Broadband Wireless Networks • SAF Tehnika • Samsung Electronics • SIAE Microelectronica • Siklu Communication • Sivers IMA • SK Telecom • SkyFiber • Solectek Corporation • Spectronite • Star Microwave • Starry • Straight Path Communications • Tarana Wireless • Telus • Telrad Networks • Time Warner • Trango Systems • U.S. Cellular • U.S. FCC (Federal Communications Commission) • Verizon Communications • Vubiq Networks • Wave1 • Wavesight • Webpass • Wytec International • Xilinx • XO Communications • ZTE
Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 12 1.1 Executive Summary 12 1.2 Topics Covered 13 1.3 Forecast Segmentation 14 1.4 Key Questions Answered 15 1.5 Key Findings 16 1.6 Methodology 17 1.7 Target Audience 18 1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned 19 Chapter 2: An Overview of 5G 21 2.1 What is 5G? 21 2.2 High-Level Architecture of 5G Networks 21 2.2.1 5G NR (New Radio) Access Network 21 2.2.2 NextGen (Next Generation) Core Network 23 2.3 5G Performance Requirements 23 2.3.1 Data Volume 24 2.3.2 Data Rate 24 2.3.3 Bandwidth 24 2.3.4 Spectral Efficiency 25 2.3.5 Response Time & Latency 25 2.3.6 Connection Density 26 2.3.7 Reliability 26 2.3.8 Mobility 26 2.3.9 Availability & Coverage 27 2.3.10 Energy Efficiency 27 2.4 Target Application Areas 27 2.4.1 eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband) 28 2.4.2 URLCC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications) 28 2.4.3 mMTC (Massive Machine-Type Communications) 29 2.5 Key Enabling Technologies 29 2.5.1 Air Interface Design Enhancements 29 2.5.2 Centimeter & Millimeter Wave Radio Access 31 2.5.3 Advanced Antenna Technologies 31 2.5.4 D2D (Device-to-Device) Connectivity & Communication 33 2.5.5 Self-Backhauling & Mesh Networking 33 2.5.6 Spectrum Sharing & Aggregation 34 2.5.7 Multi-Site & Multi-RAN Connectivity 34 2.5.8 Control and User Plane Separation 35 2.5.9 Network Slicing 35 2.5.10 Service Based Architecture 36 2.5.11 Other Complementary Technologies & Concepts 37 2.6 Market Drivers 38 2.6.1 Why the Need for a 5G Standard? 38 2.6.2 Improving Spectrum Utilization 38 2.6.3 Advances in Key Enabling Technologies 39 2.6.4 Gigabit Wireless Connectivity: Supporting Future Services 39 2.6.5 Extreme Device Densities with the IoT (Internet of Things) 40 2.6.6 Moving Towards a Flatter Network Architecture 40 2.6.7 Role of Vertical Sectors & the 4th Industrial Revolution 40 2.7 Challenges & Inhibitors 41 2.7.1 Standardization Challenges: Too Many Stakeholders 41 2.7.2 Spectrum Regulation & Complexities 41 2.7.3 Massive MIMO, Beamforming & Antenna Technology Issues 42 2.7.4 Higher Frequencies Mean New Infrastructure 42 2.7.5 Complex Performance Requirements 42 2.7.6 Energy Efficiency & Technology Scaling 43 Chapter 3: Business Case, Applications & Spectrum for 5G-Based FWA 44 3.1 Overview & Revenue Potential 44 3.2 Segment-Specific Market Growth Drivers 46 3.3 Segment-Specific Market Barriers 47 3.4 Key Application Scenarios 47 3.4.1 Broadband Internet 48 3.4.2 Pay TV 49 3.4.3 IoT & Other Applications 51 3.5 Spectrum for 5G-Based FWA 52 Chapter 4: Case Studies of FWA Deployments 54 4.1 5G-Based FWA Networks 54 4.1.1 Arqiva 54 4.1.2 AT&T 56 4.1.3 C Spire 58 4.1.4 Hammer Fiber 60 4.1.5 Now Corporation 62 4.1.6 U.S. Cellular 63 4.1.7 Verizon Communications 64 4.2 FWA Networks Based on Other Technologies 67 4.2.1 Facebook 67 4.2.2 Google 69 4.2.3 NBN Co 71 4.2.4 Prairie Hills Wireless 73 4.2.5 Redzone Wireless 74 4.2.6 Starry 75 Chapter 5: Market Analysis & Forecasts 77 5.1 Pre-Standards 5G Network Investments 77 5.1.1 Segmentation by Submarket 78 5.1.2 Base Stations 79 5.1.3 User Equipment 80 5.1.4 Transport Networking & Other Investments 81 5.2 Global Outlook for Standardized 5G Infrastructure 82 5.2.1 Segmentation by Submarket 83 5.2.2 5G NR 83 5.2.2.1 Macrocell Base Stations 84 5.2.2.2 Small Cells 85 5.2.2.3 RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) 86 5.2.2.4 C-RAN BBUs (Baseband Units) 87 5.2.3 NextGen Core Network 88 5.2.4 Fronthaul & Backhaul Networking 89 5.2.5 Segmentation by Region 89 5.3 Global Outlook for Standardized 5G-Based FWA User Equipment 90 5.3.1 5G-Based FWA CPEs 90 5.3.2 Segmentation by Region 91 5.4 Global Outlook for 5G-Based FWA Operator Services 93 5.4.1 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions 93 5.4.2 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue 94 5.4.3 Application Scenario Segmentation 94 5.4.3.1 Broadband Internet 95 5.4.3.2 Pay TV 95 5.4.3.3 IoT & Other Applications 96 5.4.4 User Base Segmentation 96 5.4.4.1 Residential 97 5.4.4.2 Business 98 5.4.5 Regional Segmentation 99 5.5 Asia Pacific 101 5.5.1 5G Infrastructure 101 5.5.2 5G-Based FWA User Equipment 101 5.5.3 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions 102 5.5.4 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue 103 5.6 Eastern Europe 104 5.6.1 5G Infrastructure 104 5.6.2 5G-Based FWA User Equipment 104 5.6.3 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions 105 5.6.4 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue 106 5.7 Latin & Central America 107 5.7.1 5G Infrastructure 107 5.7.2 5G-Based FWA User Equipment 107 5.7.3 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions 108 5.7.4 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue 109 5.8 Middle East & Africa 110 5.8.1 5G Infrastructure 110 5.8.2 5G-Based FWA User Equipment 110 5.8.3 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions 111 5.8.4 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue 112 5.9 North America 113 5.9.1 5G Infrastructure 113 5.9.2 5G-Based FWA User Equipment 113 5.9.3 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions 114 5.9.4 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue 115 5.10 Western Europe 116 5.10.1 5G Infrastructure 116 5.10.2 5G-Based FWA User Equipment 116 5.10.3 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions 117 5.10.4 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue 118 Chapter 6: Vendor Profiles 119 6.1 3Roam 119 6.2 4RF 120 6.3 Advantech Wireless 121 6.4 Airspan Networks 122 6.5 ALCOMA 123 6.6 Aviat Networks 124 6.7 Blu Wireless Technology 125 6.8 BluWan 126 6.9 BridgeWave Communications 127 6.10 CableFree (Wireless Excellence) 128 6.11 Cambium Networks 129 6.12 Carlson Wireless Technologies 130 6.13 CBNL (Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd.) 131 6.14 CCI (Communication Components, Inc.) 132 6.15 CCS (Cambridge Communication Systems) 133 6.16 Ceragon Networks 134 6.17 Cielo Networks 135 6.18 Cohere Technologies 136 6.19 Collinear Networks 137 6.20 DragonWave 138 6.21 E-Band Communications 139 6.22 EBlink 140 6.23 ELVA-1 141 6.24 Ericsson 142 6.25 Exalt Wireless 144 6.26 FastBack Networks 145 6.27 Filtronic 146 6.28 Fujitsu 147 6.29 GlobalFoundries 148 6.30 Huawei 149 6.31 HXI 151 6.32 IBM Corporation 152 6.33 IDT (Integrated Device Technology) 153 6.34 Imec International 154 6.35 InfiNet Wireless 155 6.36 Intel Corporation 156 6.37 InterDigital 157 6.38 Intracom Telecom 158 6.39 JRC (Japan Radio Company) 159 6.40 KMW 160 6.41 Lattice Semiconductor 161 6.42 LightPointe Communications 162 6.43 LigoWave 163 6.44 Loea Corporation 164 6.45 Maja Systems 165 6.46 MAX4G 166 6.47 MaxLinear 167 6.48 Microwave Networks 168 6.49 Mimosa Networks 169 6.50 MIMOtech 170 6.51 MTI (Microelectronics Technology, Inc.) 171 6.52 NEC Corporation 172 6.53 NexxCom Wireless 174 6.54 Nokia 175 6.55 PHAZR 176 6.56 Polewall 177 6.57 Proxim Wireless Corporation 178 6.58 Qualcomm 179 6.59 RACOM 181 6.60 Radio Gigabit 182 6.61 RADWIN 183 6.62 Redline Communications 184 6.63 REMEC Broadband Wireless Networks 185 6.64 SAF Tehnika 186 6.65 Samsung Electronics 187 6.66 SIAE Microelectronica 189 6.67 Siklu Communication 190 6.68 Sivers IMA 191 6.69 SkyFiber 192 6.70 Solectek Corporation 193 6.71 Spectronite 194 6.72 Star Microwave 195 6.73 Tarana Wireless 196 6.74 Trango Systems 197 6.75 Vubiq Networks 198 6.76 Wave1 199 6.77 Wavesight 200 6.78 Wytec International 201 6.79 Xilinx 202 6.80 ZTE 204 Chapter 7: Conclusion & Strategic Recommendations 206 7.1 Why is the Market Poised to Grow? 206 7.2 Review of Ongoing 5G-Based FWA Deployments 206 7.3 Prospects for Millimeter Wave Wireless Connectivity Specialists 207 7.4 28 GHz Spectrum to Lead Early Deployments 208 7.5 Preparing Networks for 5G Mobile Services 208 7.6 What is the Cost Saving Potential of 5G-Based FWA for Last Mile-Connectivity? 209 7.7 Strategic Recommendations 210 7.7.1 Vendors 210 7.7.2 Service Providers 211
List of Figures Figure 1: 5G Network Architecture & Interaction with Other Networks 23 Figure 2: 5G Performance Requirements 24 Figure 3: Conceptual Architecture for End-to-End Network Slicing in Mobile Networks 37 Figure 4: Service Based Architecture for 5G 38 Figure 5: Leading 5G Use Cases 45 Figure 6: Distribution of 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue, by Application Scenario: 2019 (%) 46 Figure 7: 5G-Based FWA Application Scenarios 49 Figure 8: Convergence of 5G with Wireline Networks 50 Figure 9: LTE-Based FWA TV Service Architecture 51 Figure 10: Key Characteristics of Verizon's 5G Specifications 66 Figure 11: Facebook's Terragraph Network 69 Figure 12: NBN's FWA Equipment Setup 73 Figure 13: Global Pre-Standards 5G Network Investments: 2016 - 2018 ($ Million) 78 Figure 14: Global Pre-Standards 5G Network Investments by Submarket: 2016 - 2018 ($ Million) 79 Figure 15: Global Pre-Standards 5G Base Station Shipments: 2016 - 2018 (Units) 80 Figure 16: Global Pre-Standards 5G Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2018 ($ Million) 80 Figure 17: Global Pre-Standards 5G User Equipment Shipments: 2016 - 2018 (Units) 81 Figure 18: Global Pre-Standards 5G User Equipment Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2018 ($ Million) 81 Figure 19: Global Transport Networking & Other Investments for Pre-Standards 5G Networks: 2016 - 2018 ($ Million) 82 Figure 20: Global 5G Infrastructure Investments: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 83 Figure 21: Global 5G Infrastructure Investments by Submarket: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 84 Figure 22: Global 5G NR Investments: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 84 Figure 23: Global 5G NR Investments by Submarket: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 85 Figure 24: Global 5G Macrocell Base Station Shipments: 2019 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 85 Figure 25: Global 5G Macrocell Base Station Shipment Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 86 Figure 26: Global 5G Small Cell Shipments: 2019 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 86 Figure 27: Global 5G Small Cell Shipment Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 87 Figure 28: Global 5G RRH Shipments: 2019 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 87 Figure 29: Global 5G RRH Shipment Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 88 Figure 30: Global 5G C-RAN BBU Shipments: 2019 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 88 Figure 31: Global 5G C-RAN BBU Shipment Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 89 Figure 32: Global NextGen Core Network Investments: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 89 Figure 33: Global 5G Fronthaul & Backhaul Investments: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 90 Figure 34: 5G Infrastructure Investments by Region: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 90 Figure 35: Global 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipments: 2019 - 2030 (Millions of Units) 91 Figure 36: Global 5G-Based CPE Unit Shipment Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 92 Figure 37: 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipments by Region: 2019 - 2030 (Millions of Units) 92 Figure 38: 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 93 Figure 39: Global 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions: 2019 - 2030 (Millions) 94 Figure 40: Global 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 95 Figure 41: 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue by Application Scenario: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 95 Figure 42: 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue for Broadband Internet: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 96 Figure 43: 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue for Pay TV: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 96 Figure 44: 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue for IoT & Other Applications: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 97 Figure 45: 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions by User Base: 2019 - 2030 (Millions) 97 Figure 46: 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue by User Base: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 98 Figure 47: 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions for Residential Users: 2019 - 2030 (Millions) 98 Figure 48: 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue for Residential Users: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 99 Figure 49: 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions for Business Users: 2019 - 2030 (Millions) 99 Figure 50: 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue for Business Users: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 100 Figure 51: 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions by Region: 2019 - 2030 (Millions) 100 Figure 52: 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue by Region: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 101 Figure 53: Asia Pacific 5G Infrastructure Investments: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 102 Figure 54: Asia Pacific 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipments: 2019 - 2030 (Millions of Units) 102 Figure 55: Asia Pacific 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipment Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 103 Figure 56: Asia Pacific 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions: 2019 - 2030 (Millions) 103 Figure 57: Asia Pacific 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 104 Figure 58: Eastern Europe 5G Infrastructure Investments: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 105 Figure 59: Eastern Europe 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipments: 2019 - 2030 (Millions of Units) 105 Figure 60: Eastern Europe 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipment Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 106 Figure 61: Eastern Europe 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions: 2019 - 2030 (Millions) 106 Figure 62: Eastern Europe 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 107 Figure 63: Latin & Central America 5G Infrastructure Investments: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 108 Figure 64: Latin & Central America 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipments: 2019 - 2030 (Millions of Units) 108 Figure 65: Latin & Central America 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipment Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 109 Figure 66: Latin & Central America 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions: 2019 - 2030 (Millions) 109 Figure 67: Latin & Central America 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 110 Figure 68: Middle East & Africa 5G Infrastructure Investments: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 111 Figure 69: Middle East & Africa 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipments: 2019 - 2030 (Millions of Units) 111 Figure 70: Middle East & Africa 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipment Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 112 Figure 71: Middle East & Africa 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions: 2019 - 2030 (Millions) 112 Figure 72: Middle East & Africa 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 113 Figure 73: North America 5G Infrastructure Investments: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 114 Figure 74: North America 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipments: 2019 - 2030 (Millions of Units) 114 Figure 75: North America 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipment Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 115 Figure 76: North America 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions: 2019 - 2030 (Millions) 115 Figure 77: North America 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 116 Figure 78: Western Europe 5G Infrastructure Investments: 2019 - 2030 ($ Million) 117 Figure 79: Western Europe 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipments: 2019 - 2030 (Millions of Units) 117 Figure 80: Western Europe 5G-Based FWA CPE Unit Shipment Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 118 Figure 81: Western Europe 5G-Based FWA Subscriptions: 2019 - 2030 (Millions) 118 Figure 82: Western Europe 5G-Based FWA Service Revenue: 2019 - 2030 ($ Billion) 119 Figure 83: Cost Comparison Between 5G-Based FWA and FTTP for Last-Mile Connectivity Establishment ($ per Premises) 21
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