The HetNet Ecosystem (Small Cells, Carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN & DAS): 2016 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts

 Table of Contents

1 Chapter 1: Introduction 36
1.1 Executive Summary 36
1.2 Topics Covered 38
1.3 Forecast Segmentation 39
1.4 Key Questions Answered 42
1.5 Key Findings 43
1.6 Methodology 44
1.7 Target Audience 45
1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned 46

2 Chapter 2: An Overview of Small Cells, Carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN & DAS 51
2.1 An Evolving Heterogeneous Networking Ecosystem 51
2.1.1 The Growing Demand for Mobile Broadband 51
2.1.2 Is LTE the Answer to all Capacity Problems? 51
2.1.3 HetNets: An Evolution of Network Topology 53
2.2 Small Cells 54
2.2.1 What Are Small Cells? 54
2.2.2 Why Deploy Small Cells? 54
2.2.3 Small Cell Categories 56
2.2.3.1 Femtocells 56
2.2.3.2 Picocells 57
2.2.3.3 Microcells 57
2.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 58
2.3.1 Carrier Wi-Fi Integration Approaches 59
2.3.2 Standalone Hotspots 59
2.3.3 Managed Offload 59
2.3.3.1 SIM-based Wi-Fi Offload 59
2.3.3.2 RAN Integrated Wi-Fi Access 59
2.4 C-RAN (Centralized RAN) 60
2.4.1 What is C-RAN? 60
2.4.2 Architectural Benefits and Challenges 60
2.4.3 Key Architectural Components 61
2.4.3.1 RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) 61
2.4.3.2 BBUs (Baseband Units) 61
2.4.3.3 Fronthaul 62
2.5 Cloud RAN: Virtualizing C-RAN 63
2.5.1 Leveraging Commodity Technologies 64
2.5.2 Moving RAN to the Cloud 64
2.6 DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems) 65
2.6.1 What is DAS? 65
2.6.2 Passive DAS 65
2.6.3 Active DAS 66
2.6.4 Hybrid DAS 66
2.7 Alternative Options for Offloading Mobile Network Coverage and Capacity 67
2.7.1 Macrocell Network and Spectrum Expansion 67
2.7.2 Caching & Mobile CDN (Content Delivery Networks) 67
2.8 The Business Case: Key Market Drivers 68
2.8.1 Capacity & Coverage Improvement: Addressing the Mobile Data Traffic Tsunami 68
2.8.2 Endorsement from the Mobile Operator Community 69
2.8.3 In-Building & Enterprise Coverage Requirements 70
2.8.4 Capacity Offload in Congested Urban Environments 70
2.8.5 Cost-Effective Rural Coverage 71
2.8.6 CapEx Savings 71
2.8.7 Non-Expandability of Macrocell Networks 71
2.9 Challenges & Inhibitors to the HetNet Ecosystem 72
2.9.1 Interference with Macrocell Infrastructure & Spectrum Constraints 72
2.9.2 Conflicting HetNet Offerings 72
2.9.3 Fronthaul & Backhaul Investments 72
2.9.4 Migration from Legacy Architectures 73
2.9.5 Economic Constraints & Deployment Challenges 73
2.9.6 Security Concerns 74

3 Chapter 3: Integration & Offloading Technology 75
3.1 Integrating Small Cells into the Mobile Network 75
3.1.1 Integration into 3G Networks 75
3.1.1.1 Iuh based Integration: Residential & Enterprise Femtocells 75
3.1.1.2 Iub: Microcells, Picocells and Femtocells 77
3.1.2 S1: Integration into LTE Networks 78
3.1.2.1 eNB Small Cell Architecture 78
3.1.2.2 HeNB Small Cell Architecture 79
3.2 Integrating C-RAN into the Mobile Network 79
3.2.1 CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) 79
3.2.2 OBSAI (Open Base Station Architecture Initiative) 80
3.2.3 ORI (Open Radio Interface) 80
3.2.4 Ethernet 80
3.3 Wi-Fi: The Evolution from an Ethernet Extension to Mobile RAN Integration 82
3.4 Enabling Technologies for Wi-Fi and Cellular RAN Interoperability 82
3.4.1 ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Function) 82
3.4.1.1 Enabling Seamless Mobility 83
3.4.1.2 Commercial Availability of ANDSF Solutions 83
3.4.2 Hotspot 2.0 83
3.4.2.1 Discovery - 802.11u 83
3.4.2.2 Encryption - 802.11i (WPA2) 84
3.4.2.3 Authentication – 802.1x (EAP) 84
3.4.2.4 OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) DM (Device Management) 84
3.4.2.5 Passpoint Wi-Fi Certification 85
3.4.3 NGH (Next Generation Hotspot) 85
3.4.3.1 Working alongside Hotspot 2.0 86
3.4.3.2 Enabling Seamless Mobile Network Connectivity 86
3.4.4 I-WLAN (Interworking Wireless LAN) 86
3.4.5 WISPr (Wireless Internet Service Provider Roaming) 86
3.4.6 MSAP (Mobility Services Advertisement Protocol) 87
3.4.7 Wi-Fi Direct 87
3.5 Small Cell and Mobile Core Offloading Technologies 88
3.5.1 LIPA (Local IP Access) 88
3.5.1.1 Is LIPA Specifically for Small Cells? 88
3.5.1.2 Use Case Example: Local Network Multimedia Access 88
3.5.2 SIPTO (Selected IP Traffic Offload) 89
3.5.2.1 Use Case Example: Core Network Offload 89
3.5.2.2 The Downside: Is SIPTO Suitable for All Traffic Profiles? 89
3.5.3 IFOM (IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload) 90
3.5.3.1 Enabling Seamless Integration between Wi-Fi and 3GPP RANs 90
3.6 Wi-Fi and Cellular RAN Integration: Commercial Implementations to Address the HetNet Challenge 91
3.6.1 Wi-Fi Integration into Macrocell and Small Cell Base Stations 91
3.6.2 Policy Driven Control 91
3.6.3 Enabling Wi-Fi Calling: Dynamic Switching between Wi-Fi and LTE 91
3.7 Integration of SON (Self-Organizing Network) Capabilities 92
3.7.1 Enabling Plug-and-play Functionality 92
3.7.2 Enhancing HetNet Performance 93

4 Chapter 4: Industry Roadmap and Value Chain 94
4.1 HetNet Industry Roadmap: 2016 – 2030 94
4.1.1 2016 – 2020: Large Scale Small Cell, Carrier Wi-Fi & DAS Rollouts 94
4.1.2 2020 – 2025: The Cloud RAN Era - Moving Towards C-RAN and Virtualization 95
4.1.3 2025 – 2030: Continued Investments with 5G Network Rollouts 95
4.2 HetNet Value Chain 96
4.3 Embedded Technology Ecosystem 96
4.3.1 Chipset Developers 96
4.3.2 Embedded Component/Software Providers 96
4.4 RAN Ecosystem 98
4.4.1 Macrocell RAN OEMs 98
4.4.2 Pure-Play Small Cell OEMs 98
4.4.3 Wi-Fi Access Point OEMs 98
4.4.4 DAS & Repeater Solution Providers 99
4.4.5 C-RAN Solution Providers 99
4.4.6 Other Technology Providers 99
4.5 Transport Networking Ecosystem 99
4.5.1 Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers 99
4.6 Mobile Core Ecosystem 100
4.6.1 Mobile Core Solution Providers 100
4.7 Connectivity Ecosystem 100
4.7.1 Mobile Operators 100
4.7.2 Wi-Fi Connectivity Providers 100
4.7.3 SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) Providers 101
4.8 SON Ecosystem 101
4.8.1 SON Solution Providers 101
4.9 SDN & NFV Ecosystem 101
4.9.1 SDN & NFV Providers 101

5 Chapter 5: HetNet Deployment Models, Use Cases & Vertical Markets 102
5.1 Deployment Models 102
5.1.1 Indoor 102
5.1.2 Outdoor 103
5.2 Use Cases 104
5.2.1 Residential 104
5.2.2 Enterprise 104
5.2.3 Urban 105
5.2.4 Rural & Suburban 105
5.3 Case Study: Small Cells in Emerging Rural Markets 106
5.3.1 EE & Vodafone: Rural Small Cell Rollouts in the UK 106
5.3.2 How are Vendors Addressing the Market? 107
5.3.3 How Big is the Opportunity? 107
5.4 Wi-Fi Service Models 108
5.4.1 Mobile Offload 108
5.4.2 Wholesale 108
5.4.3 Other Approaches 108
5.5 SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) 109
5.5.1 Addressing the Logistical Challenges of Small Cell Rollouts 109
5.5.2 Cost & Structural Efficiencies 109
5.5.3 How Big is the Opportunity for SCaaS Providers? 110
5.5.4 Major SCaaS Commitments 111
5.5.4.1 BT Group 111
5.5.4.2 Cellcom 112
5.5.4.3 ClearSky Technologies 112
5.5.4.4 Cloudberry Mobile 112
5.5.4.5 Colt Technology Services 113
5.5.4.6 Towerstream 113
5.5.4.7 Virgin Media 113
5.5.4.8 Zayo Group 114
5.5.4.9 Offerings from the Vendor Community 114
5.6 Key Vertical Markets 115
5.6.1 Agriculture 115
5.6.2 Construction 115
5.6.3 Education 116
5.6.4 Energy & Utilities 116
5.6.5 Enterprises 117
5.6.6 Healthcare 117
5.6.7 Military 118
5.6.8 Public Safety & Emergency Services 118
5.6.9 Public Venues 118
5.6.10 Residential 119
5.6.11 Retail & Hospitality 119

6 Chapter 6: HetNet Backhaul & Fronthaul 120
6.1 Small Cell Backhaul Technology 120
6.1.1 DSL 120
6.1.2 Ethernet 120
6.1.3 Microwave 121
6.1.4 Millimeter Wave 122
6.1.5 Satellite 122
6.1.6 Fiber & Others 122
6.2 C-RAN Fronthaul Technology 123
6.2.1 Dedicated Fiber (Dark Fiber) 123
6.2.2 WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) 123
6.2.3 PON (Passive Optical Network) 124
6.2.4 OTN (Optical Transport Network) 124
6.2.5 Ethernet 124
6.2.6 Microwave 124
6.2.7 Millimeter Wave 124
6.3 Requirements for HetNet Backhaul & Fronthaul 125
6.3.1 Form Factor & Environmental Hardening 125
6.3.2 Power Supply & Consumption 125
6.3.3 Installation & Provisioning 125
6.3.4 Integration of OAM and SON Capabilities 126
6.3.5 Deployment & Maintenance Cost 126
6.4 Key Issues 126
6.4.1 Backhaul Sharing: Can Small Cells and Macrocells Share Resources? 126
6.4.2 Coverage Challenges 127
6.4.3 Capacity/Peak Throughput Challenges 127
6.4.4 Will Millimeter Wave be the Preferred Outdoor Small Cell Backhaul Solution? 127
6.4.5 Is Fronthaul the Bottleneck to C-RAN Rollouts? 128
6.4.6 Is Ethernet a Feasible Solution for C-RAN Fronthaul? 128
6.4.7 Is there a Market for Satellite based HetNet Transport? 129
6.4.8 Assessing the Impact of the SCaaS Ecosystem 129

7 Chapter 7: Standardization & Regulatory Initiatives 130
7.1 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) 130
7.1.1 Overview 130
7.1.2 HetNet Standardization Activities 130
7.2 3GPP2 (3rd Generation Partnership Project 2) 131
7.2.1 Overview 131
7.2.2 HetNet Standardization Activities 132
7.3 Broadband Forum 132
7.3.1 Overview 132
7.3.2 Key HetNet Initiatives 133
7.4 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) 133
7.4.1 Overview 133
7.4.2 Small Cell Testing 134
7.4.3 ORI for Fronthaul 134
7.4.4 NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) for Small Cells & Cloud RAN 134
7.4.5 MEC (Mobile Edge Computing) 134
7.5 GSMA 135
7.5.1 Overview 135
7.5.2 Enabling Carrier Wi-Fi Roaming 135
7.6 HetNet Forum 136
7.6.1 Overview 136
7.6.2 Key Programs 136
7.7 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 137
7.7.1 Overview 137
7.7.2 IEEE 802.11 WLAN Standard 137
7.7.3 Other Standards 137
7.8 ITU (International Telecommunications Union) 139
7.8.1 Overview 139
7.8.2 Focus Group on IMT-2020 139
7.9 MEF (Metro Ethernet Forum) 140
7.9.1 Overview 140
7.9.2 Ethernet Transport for Small Cells & C-RAN 140
7.10 NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Networks) Alliance 141
7.10.1 Overview 141
7.10.2 P-CRAN (Project Centralized RAN) 141
7.10.3 Small Cell Project 141
7.10.4 RAN Evolution Project 142
7.10.5 Other Engagements 142
7.11 Small Cell Forum 143
7.11.1 Overview 143
7.11.2 Working Groups 143
7.11.3 Release Program 145
7.12 WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance) 145
7.12.1 Overview 145
7.12.2 Next Generation Wi-Fi Program for Mobile Operators 145
7.12.3 Other Programs 146
7.13 Wi-Fi Alliance 146
7.13.1 Overview 146
7.13.2 Hotspot 2.0 & Passpoint Certification Program 147
7.13.3 Other Programs 147
7.14 WiMAX Forum 148
7.14.1 Overview 148
7.14.2 WiMAX Small Cells 148

8 Chapter 8: Mobile Operator Case Studies 149
8.1 América Móvil Group 149
8.1.1 Overview 149
8.1.2 Key Vendors 149
8.1.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 149
8.2 AT&T Mobility 150
8.2.1 Overview 150
8.2.2 Key Vendors 150
8.2.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 150
8.3 Bharti Airtel 151
8.3.1 Overview 151
8.3.2 Key Vendors 151
8.3.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 151
8.4 BT Group 152
8.4.1 Overview 152
8.4.2 Key Vendors 152
8.4.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 152
8.5 China Mobile 153
8.5.1 Overview 153
8.5.2 Key Vendors 153
8.5.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 153
8.6 China Telecom 155
8.6.1 Overview 155
8.6.2 Key Vendors 155
8.6.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 155
8.7 China Unicom 156
8.7.1 Overview 156
8.7.2 Key Vendors 156
8.7.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 156
8.8 Chunghwa Telecom 157
8.8.1 Overview 157
8.8.2 Key Vendors 157
8.8.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 157
8.9 KT Corporation 158
8.9.1 Overview 158
8.9.2 Key Vendors 158
8.9.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 158
8.10 VimpelCom 159
8.10.1 Overview 159
8.10.2 Key Vendors 159
8.10.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 159
8.11 LG Uplus 160
8.11.1 Overview 160
8.11.2 Key Vendors 160
8.11.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 160
8.12 NTT DoCoMo 161
8.12.1 Overview 161
8.12.2 Key Vendors 161
8.12.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 161
8.13 Orange 163
8.13.1 Overview 163
8.13.2 Key Vendors 163
8.13.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 163
8.14 SK Telecom 164
8.14.1 Overview 164
8.14.2 Key Vendors 164
8.14.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 164
8.15 SoftBank Mobile 166
8.15.1 Overview 166
8.15.2 Key Vendors 166
8.15.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 166
8.16 Sprint 167
8.16.1 Overview 167
8.16.2 Key Vendors 167
8.16.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 167
8.17 Telecom Italia 168
8.17.1 Overview 168
8.17.2 Key Vendors 168
8.17.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 168
8.18 Telefónica 169
8.18.1 Overview 169
8.18.2 Key Vendors 169
8.18.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 169
8.19 Verizon Wireless 170
8.19.1 Overview 170
8.19.2 Key Vendors 170
8.19.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 170
8.20 Vodafone Group 172
8.20.1 Overview 172
8.20.2 Key Vendors 172
8.20.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 172
8.21 SingTel 173
8.21.1 Overview 173
8.21.2 Key Vendors 173
8.21.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 173
8.22 SFR 174
8.22.1 Overview 174
8.22.2 Key Vendors 174
8.22.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 174
8.23 Telenor Group 175
8.23.1 Overview 175
8.23.2 Key Vendors 175
8.23.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 175
8.24 Telstra 176
8.24.1 Overview 176
8.24.2 Key Vendors 176
8.24.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 176
8.25 Telus Mobility 177
8.25.1 Overview 177
8.25.2 Key Vendors 177
8.25.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 177
8.26 DT (Deutsche Telekom) 178
8.26.1 Overview 178
8.26.2 Key Vendors 178
8.26.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 178
8.27 MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) 179
8.27.1 Overview 179
8.27.2 Key Vendors 179
8.27.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 179
8.28 KDDI 180
8.28.1 Overview 180
8.28.2 Key Vendors 180
8.28.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 180
8.29 MegaFon 181
8.29.1 Overview 181
8.29.2 Key Vendors 181
8.29.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 181
8.30 KPN 182
8.30.1 Overview 182
8.30.2 Key Vendors 182
8.30.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 182
8.31 TeliaSonera 183
8.31.1 Overview 183
8.31.2 Key Vendors 183
8.31.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 183

9 Chapter 9: Wireless Network Infrastructure Incumbents 184
9.1 Cisco Systems 184
9.2 Ericsson 185
9.3 Fujitsu 188
9.4 Hitachi 189
9.5 Huawei 190
9.6 NEC Corporation 191
9.7 Nokia Networks & Alcatel-Lucent 192
9.8 Samsung Electronics 195
9.9 ZTE 197

10 Chapter 10: Macrocell RAN, Small Cell, C-RAN & Mobile Core Specialists 198
10.1 Accelleran 198
10.2 Adax 199
10.3 ADB 200
10.4 Affirmed Networks 201
10.5 Airspan Networks 202
10.6 Alpha Networks 203
10.7 Altiostar Networks 204
10.8 Arcadyan Technology Corporation 205
10.9 Argela 206
10.10 ARItel 207
10.11 Artemis Networks 208
10.12 Askey Computer Corporation 209
10.13 ASOCS 210
10.14 Athonet 211
10.15 Athena Wireless Communications (Google) 212
10.16 Axxcelera Broadband Wireless (Moseley Associates) 213
10.17 Brocade Communications Systems 214
10.18 Casa Systems 215
10.19 CCI (Competitive Companies, Inc.) 216
10.20 Contela 217
10.21 CS Corporation 218
10.22 Datang Mobile 219
10.23 Dongwon T&I 220
10.24 Femtel (Suzhou Femtel Communications) 221
10.25 Gemtek Technology Company 222
10.26 GENBAND 223
10.27 GWT (Global Wireless Technologies) 224
10.28 HP (Hewlett-Packard) 225
10.29 ip.access 226
10.30 Juni Global 227
10.31 Juniper Networks 228
10.32 Lemko 229
10.33 LGS Innovations 230
10.34 Mitel Networks Corporation 231
10.35 New Postcom Equipment Company 232
10.36 NewNet Communication Technologies 233
10.37 Nutaq 234
10.38 Oceus Networks 235
10.39 Panda Electronics (Nanjing Panda Electronics Company) 236
10.40 Parallel Wireless 237
10.41 Polaris Networks 238
10.42 Potevio (China Potevio Company) 239
10.43 Quanta Computer 240
10.44 Qucell 241
10.45 Quortus 242
10.46 Redline Communications 243
10.47 Sagemcom 244
10.48 Samji Electronics Company 245
10.49 SerComm Corporation 246
10.50 SK Telesys 247
10.51 SpiderCloud Wireless 248
10.52 Star Solutions 250
10.53 Sunnada (Fujian Sunnada Communication Company) 251
10.54 Taqua 252
10.55 Tecom 253
10.56 TEKTELIC Communications 254
10.57 Telum 255
10.58 Telrad Networks 256
10.59 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) 257
10.60 Z-Com (ZDC Wireless) 258

11 Chapter 11: Antenna, DAS & Repeater Solution Specialists 259
11.1 AceAxis 259
11.2 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) 259
11.3 Affarii Technologies 260
11.4 American Tower Corporation 260
11.5 Arqiva 261
11.6 Axis Teknologies 261
11.7 Black Box Corporation 262
11.8 BTI Wireless 263
11.9 CCI (Communication Components Inc.) 264
11.10 CCI (Crown Castle International) 265
11.11 CCI Systems 266
11.12 Cobham Wireless 267
11.13 Comba Telecom Systems Holdings 268
11.14 CommScope 269
11.15 Corning 270
11.16 Dali Wireless 271
11.17 DeltaNode (Bird Technologies) 272
11.18 Ethertronics 273
11.19 ExteNet Systems 274
11.20 Foxcom 275
11.21 Galtronics 275
11.22 Goodman Networks 276
11.23 GrenTech (China GrenTech Corporation) 277
11.24 JRC (Japan Radio Company) 278
11.25 JMA Wireless 279
11.26 Kisan Telecom 280
11.27 KMW 280
11.28 Kathrein-Werke KG 281
11.29 MER-CellO Wireless Solutions 282
11.30 Microlab (Wireless Telecom Group) 283
11.31 MTI Mobile 284
11.32 Nexius 285
11.33 Nextivity 286
11.34 RF Window 287
11.35 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) 288
11.36 Rosenberger 289
11.37 SOLiD (SOLiD Technologies) 290
11.38 Sumitomo Electric Industries 291
11.39 Sunwave Communications 292
11.40 TESSCO Technologies 293
11.41 Westell Technologies 294
11.42 Zinwave 295

12 Chapter 12: Carrier Wi-Fi Specialists 296
12.1 4ipnet 296
12.2 ABB 297
12.3 Accuris Networks 298
12.4 Aerohive Networks 299
12.5 Alvarion Technologies 300
12.6 Aptilo Networks 301
12.7 Aruba Networks 302
12.8 Autelan 303
12.9 BandwidthX 304
12.10 Birdstep Technology 305
12.11 Browan Communications 306
12.12 BSG Wireless 307
12.13 D-Link Corporation 308
12.14 Edgewater Wireless Systems 309
12.15 EION Wireless 310
12.16 Firetide 311
12.17 Fortinet 312
12.18 Front Porch 313
12.19 GoNet Systems 314
12.20 Handlink Technologies 315
12.21 Meru Networks 316
12.22 Netgem 317
12.23 NETGEAR 318
12.24 Nomadix 319
12.25 Panasonic Corporation 320
12.26 Ro-Timak Technology 321
12.27 Ruckus Wireless 322
12.28 Senao Networks 323
12.29 Smith Micro Software 324
12.30 SpectrumMax 325
12.31 Syniverse Technologies 326
12.32 TP-LINK Technologies 327
12.33 Tranzeo Wireless Technologies 328
12.34 Ubiquiti Networks 329
12.35 WeFi 330
12.36 Zebra Technologies Corporation 331
12.37 ZyXEL 332

13 Chapter 13: Enabling Technology Providers 333
13.1 6WIND 333
13.2 Ablaze Wireless 334
13.3 Absolute Analysis 335
13.4 Accelink Technologies 336
13.5 ADLINK Technology 337
13.6 ADI (Analog Devices Inc.) 338
13.7 Advantech 339
13.8 AirHop Communications 340
13.9 AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices) 341
13.10 Allot Communications 342
13.11 Amarisoft 343
13.12 Amdocs 344
13.13 Anritsu Corporation 345
13.14 Aricent 346
13.15 ARM Holdings 347
13.16 Astellia 348
13.17 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute) 349
13.18 Artesyn Embedded Technologies 350
13.19 Artiza Networks 351
13.20 Avago Technologies 352
13.21 Azcom Technology 353
13.22 Benetel 354
13.23 Blu Wireless Technology 355
13.24 Broadcom Corporation 356
13.25 Cadence Design Systems 357
13.26 Cavium 358
13.27 CeedTec 359
13.28 Cellwize 360
13.29 Celtro 361
13.30 Coherent Logix 362
13.31 Comcores ApS 363
13.32 CommAgility 364
13.33 D2 Technologies 365
13.34 Dell 366
13.35 Direct Beam 367
13.36 eASIC Corporation 368
13.37 EDX Wireless 369
13.38 Eoptolink Technology 370
13.39 ERCOM 371
13.40 EXFO 372
13.41 Federated Wireless 373
13.42 Faraday Technology Corporation 374
13.43 Finisar Corporation 375
13.44 GigaLight (Shenzhen Gigalight Technology Company) 376
13.45 GlobalFoundaries 377
13.46 Hisense (Hisense Broadband Multimedia Technology) 378
13.47 HG Genuine 379
13.48 IDT (Integrated Device Technology) 380
13.49 IMEC International 381
13.50 InfoVista 382
13.51 InnoLight Technology Corporation 383
13.52 Intel Corporation 384
13.53 InterDigital 385
13.54 iPosi 386
13.55 Ixia 387
13.56 Keysight Technologies 388
13.57 Kumu Networks 389
13.58 Lattice Semiconductor 390
13.59 Lime Microsystems 391
13.60 Lumentum 392
13.61 Macom (M/A-COM Technology Solutions) 393
13.62 Maxim Integrated 394
13.63 Mellanox Technologies 395
13.64 Microsemi Corporation 396
13.65 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 397
13.66 Mobiveil 398
13.67 Molex 399
13.68 Nash Technologies 400
13.69 NetScout Systems 401
13.70 Node-H 402
13.71 Nomor Research 403
13.72 NXP Semiconductors 404
13.73 OE Solutions 405
13.74 Octasic 406
13.75 Optulink 407
13.76 P.I. Works 408
13.77 Pletronics 409
13.78 PMC-Sierra 410
13.79 Procera Networks 411
13.80 Public Wireless 412
13.81 Qualcomm 413
13.82 Qulsar 414
13.83 QEOS 415
13.84 Qwilt 416
13.85 RADCOM 417
13.86 Radisys Corporation 418
13.87 Rakon 419
13.88 Red Hat 420
13.89 Reverb Networks 421
13.90 RF DSP 422
13.91 Saguna Networks 423
13.92 SAI Technology 424
13.93 Sarokal Test Systems 425
13.94 Silicon Labs 426
13.95 Sistelbanda 427
13.96 Source Photonics 428
13.97 Tata Elxsi 429
13.98 TEOCO Corporation 430
13.99 TI (Texas Instruments) 431
13.100 Tulinx 432
13.101 U-blox 433
13.102 Vectron International 434
13.103 Viavi Solutions 435
13.104 VPIsystems 436
13.105 WiPro 437
13.106 XCellAir 438
13.107 Xelic 439
13.108 Xilinx 440

14 Chapter 14: Mobile Backhaul & Fronthaul Vendors 441
14.1 3Roam 441
14.2 4RF 441
14.3 Accedian Networks 442
14.4 Actelis Networks 443
14.5 Actiontec 443
14.6 Actus Networks 443
14.7 ADTRAN 444
14.8 ADVA Optical Networking 445
14.9 Advantech Wireless 445
14.10 ALAXALA Networks 446
14.11 Albis Technologies 446
14.12 ALCOMA 446
14.13 Allied Data Technologies 447
14.14 Allied Telesis 447
14.15 Aquantia 447
14.16 Arris 448
14.17 Avanti Communications 448
14.18 Aviat Networks 449
14.19 AVM 450
14.20 BLiNQ Networks 450
14.21 BluWan 451
14.22 BridgeWave Communications 452
14.23 BTI Systems 453
14.24 CableFree Solutions 453
14.25 Calix 454
14.26 Cambium Networks 454
14.27 Canoga Perkins 455
14.28 Carlson Wireless Technologies 455
14.29 CBNL (Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd.) 456
14.30 CCS (Cambridge Communication Systems) 457
14.31 Ceragon 457
14.32 Cielo Networks 458
14.33 Ciena Corporation 458
14.34 Comtrend 459
14.35 Corecess 460
14.36 Coriant 460
14.37 DASAN Networks 461
14.38 DragonWave 462
14.39 E-Band Communications (Moseley Associates) 463
14.40 EBlink 464
14.41 ECI Telecom 465
14.42 Elva-1 465
14.43 Exalt Communications 466
14.44 Extreme Networks 467
14.45 FastBack Networks 468
14.46 Fiberhome Technologies 469
14.47 FibroLan 469
14.48 Genmix Technology 470
14.49 Gilat Satellite Networks 470
14.50 HFR 471
14.51 Huahuan 471
14.52 Hughes Network Systems 472
14.53 HXI 472
14.54 iDirect 473
14.55 Infinera 474
14.56 Intracom Telecom 475
14.57 IPITEK 476
14.58 Iskratel 476
14.59 KEYMILE 476
14.60 LightPointe Communications 477
14.61 Loea Corporation 478
14.62 MAX4G 478
14.63 Microwave Networks 479
14.64 MIMOtech 480
14.65 MRV Communications 481
14.66 Nexcomm Systems 481
14.67 NexxComm Wireless 481
14.68 Omnitron Systems 482
14.69 OneAccess Networks 482
14.70 Polewall 482
14.71 Positron 483
14.72 Proxim Wireless Corporation 483
14.73 RACOM 484
14.74 RAD Data Communications 484
14.75 RADWIN 485
14.76 SAF Tehnika 486
14.77 SIAE Microelectronics (SIAE Microelectronica) 486
14.78 Siklu 487
14.79 SkyFiber 488
14.80 SMC Networks 488
14.81 Solectek 488
14.82 Star Microwave 489
14.83 Tarana Wireless 489
14.84 Telco Systems 490
14.85 Tellion 491
14.86 Tellumat 491
14.87 Telsey 491
14.88 Tilgin 491
14.89 Trango Systems 492
14.90 Ubiquoss 492
14.91 UTStarcom 492
14.92 Vubiq Networks 493
14.93 Wave1 493
14.94 Wavesight 494
14.95 Xavi Technologies 494
14.96 Yamaha Corporation 494
14.97 Zhone Technologies 495

15 Chapter 15: Market Analysis and Forecasts 496
15.1 Global Outlook of HetNet Infrastructure Investments 496
15.2 Small Cells 498
15.2.1 Segmentation by Use Case 499
15.2.1.1 Residential 500
15.2.1.2 Enterprise 501
15.2.1.3 Urban 502
15.2.1.4 Rural & Suburban 503
15.2.2 Segmentation by Form Factor 504
15.2.2.1 Femtocells 505
15.2.2.2 Picocells 506
15.2.2.3 Microcells 507
15.2.3 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 508
15.2.3.1 2G & 3G 509
15.2.3.2 LTE 510
15.2.3.3 5G 511
15.2.4 Segmentation by Deployment Model 512
15.2.4.1 Indoor 513
15.2.4.2 Outdoor 514
15.3 Small Cell Backhaul 515
15.3.1 Segmentation by Technology 516
15.3.1.1 DSL 517
15.3.1.2 Ethernet 517
15.3.1.3 Microwave 518
15.3.1.4 Millimeter Wave 518
15.3.1.5 Satellite 519
15.3.1.6 Fiber & Others 519
15.4 Carrier Wi-Fi 520
15.4.1 Segmentation by Submarket 520
15.4.1.1 Access Points 521
15.4.1.2 Access Point Controllers 522
15.4.2 Segmentation by Integration Approach 523
15.4.2.1 Standalone Wi-Fi Hotspots 524
15.4.2.2 Managed Wi-Fi Offload 525
15.5 C-RAN 526
15.5.1 Segmentation by Submarket 526
15.5.1.1 RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) 527
15.5.1.2 BBUs (Baseband Units) 528
15.5.2 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 529
15.5.2.1 3G & LTE 529
15.5.2.2 5G 530
15.5.3 Segmentation by Deployment Model 531
15.5.3.1 Indoor 532
15.5.3.2 Outdoor 533
15.6 C-RAN Fronthaul 534
15.6.1 Segmentation by Technology 534
15.6.1.1 Dedicated Fiber 535
15.6.1.2 WDM 535
15.6.1.3 OTN & PON 536
15.6.1.4 Ethernet 536
15.6.1.5 Microwave 537
15.6.1.6 Millimeter Wave 537
15.7 DAS 538
15.7.1 Segmentation by Deployment Model 539
15.7.1.1 Indoor 540
15.7.1.2 Outdoor 541
15.8 Segmentation by Region 542
15.8.1 Small Cells 543
15.8.2 Small Cell Backhaul 544
15.8.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 544
15.8.4 C-RAN 546
15.8.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 548
15.8.6 DAS 549
15.9 Asia Pacific 550
15.9.1 Small Cells 551
15.9.2 Small Cell Backhaul 552
15.9.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 552
15.9.4 C-RAN 554
15.9.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 556
15.9.6 DAS 557
15.10 Eastern Europe 558
15.10.1 Small Cells 559
15.10.2 Small Cell Backhaul 560
15.10.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 560
15.10.4 C-RAN 562
15.10.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 564
15.10.6 DAS 565
15.11 Latin & Central America 566
15.11.1 Small Cells 567
15.11.2 Small Cell Backhaul 568
15.11.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 568
15.11.4 C-RAN 570
15.11.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 572
15.11.6 DAS 573
15.12 Middle East & Africa 574
15.12.1 Small Cells 575
15.12.2 Small Cell Backhaul 576
15.12.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 576
15.12.4 C-RAN 578
15.12.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 580
15.12.6 DAS 581
15.13 North America 582
15.13.1 Small Cells 583
15.13.2 Small Cell Backhaul 584
15.13.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 584
15.13.4 C-RAN 586
15.13.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 588
15.13.6 DAS 589
15.14 Western Europe 590
15.14.1 Small Cells 591
15.14.2 Small Cell Backhaul 592
15.14.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 592
15.14.4 C-RAN 594
15.14.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 596
15.14.6 DAS 597

16 Chapter 16: Conclusion and Strategic Recommendations 598
16.1 Why is the Market Poised to Grow? 598
16.2 Competitive Industry Landscape: Acquisitions, Alliances & Consolidation 598
16.3 What is the TCO Impact of HetNet Deployments? 600
16.4 The Formula for Success: Selecting the Right Combination of HetNet Technologies 600
16.5 Offloading with TD-LTE Small Cells 601
16.6 The Emergence of Unlicensed LTE Small Cells 601
16.6.1 LTE-U vs. LAA 602
16.6.2 Commercial Prospects: How Big is the Opportunity? 603
16.6.3 Mobile Operator Commitments 604
16.6.4 Wi-Fi Community Concerns 605
16.7 What are the Prospects of Cloud RAN? 606
16.8 Convergence of C-RAN and Small Cells: Distributing Baseband Intelligence 607
16.9 Accelerating the Transition to Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Networks 609
16.10 Standardization Driving RAN & Carrier Wi-Fi Integration 611
16.11 Prospects of Enterprise RAN Deployments 613
16.12 Network Visibility & OAM 614
16.13 Addressing Network Security: IPsec 614
16.14 Vendor Share Analysis 615
16.14.1 Small Cells 615
16.14.2 Carrier Wi-Fi 616
16.14.3 C-RAN 617
16.14.4 DAS 618
16.15 Strategic Recommendations 619
16.15.1 HetNet Infrastructure Vendors 619
16.15.2 Mobile Operators 620

List of Figures  

Figure 1: HetNet Architecture 57
Figure 2: Small Cell Coverage Range Comparison 59
Figure 3: Key Characteristics of Small Cells 60
Figure 4: Mobile Network Data Offloading via Wi-Fi 62
Figure 5: C-RAN Architecture 64
Figure 6: Key RRH & BBU Functions 66
Figure 7: Cloud RAN Concept 67
Figure 8: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Region: 2016 – 2030 (Exabytes) 72
Figure 9: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Access Network Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Exabytes) 73
Figure 10: Iuh based Small Cell Integration in a 3G Mobile Network 80
Figure 11: Iub based Small Cell Integration in a 3G Mobile Network 81
Figure 12: S1 Interface based Small Cell Integration in an LTE Network 82
Figure 13: CPRI Protocol Layers 83
Figure 14: Global SON Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 97
Figure 15: HetNet Industry Roadmap: 2016 - 2030 98
Figure 16: HetNet Value Chain 101
Figure 17: SCaaS Provider and Mobile Operator Responsibilities 114
Figure 18: Global SCaaS Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 115
Figure 19: Small Cell Forum Working Groups 147
Figure 20: China Mobile’s Cloud RAN Vision 158
Figure 21: NTT DoCoMo’s Advanced C-RAN Architecture 166
Figure 22: Global HetNet Infrastructure Revenue by Access Network Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 500
Figure 23: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 502
Figure 24: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 502
Figure 25: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Use Case: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 503
Figure 26: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Use Case: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 503
Figure 27: Global Residential Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 504
Figure 28: Global Residential Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 504
Figure 29: Global Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 505
Figure 30: Global Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 505
Figure 31: Global Urban Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 506
Figure 32: Global Urban Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 506
Figure 33: Global Rural & Suburban Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 507
Figure 34: Global Rural & Suburban Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 507
Figure 35: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Form Factor: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 508
Figure 36: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Form Factor: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 508
Figure 37: Global Femtocell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 509
Figure 38: Global Femtocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 509
Figure 39: Global Picocell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 510
Figure 40: Global Picocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 510
Figure 41: Global Microcell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 511
Figure 42: Global Microcell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 511
Figure 43: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Air Interface Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 512
Figure 44: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 512
Figure 45: Global 2G & 3G Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 513
Figure 46: Global 2G & 3G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 513
Figure 47: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 514
Figure 48: Global LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 514
Figure 49: Global 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 515
Figure 50: Global 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 515
Figure 51: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 516
Figure 52: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 516
Figure 53: Global Indoor Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 517
Figure 54: Global Indoor Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 517
Figure 55: Global Outdoor Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 518
Figure 56: Global Outdoor Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 518
Figure 57: Global Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 520
Figure 58: Global Small Cell Backhaul Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 520
Figure 59: Global DSL Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 521
Figure 60: Global Ethernet Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 521
Figure 61: Global Microwave Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 522
Figure 62: Global Millimeter Wave Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 522
Figure 63: Global Satellite Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 523
Figure 64: Global Fiber & Other Technologies Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 523
Figure 65: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 524
Figure 66: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 524
Figure 67: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 525
Figure 68: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 525
Figure 69: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 526
Figure 70: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 526
Figure 71: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments by Integration Approach: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 527
Figure 72: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue by Integration Approach: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 527
Figure 73: Global Standalone Carrier Wi-Fi Hotspot Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 528
Figure 74: Global Standalone Carrier Wi-Fi Hotspot Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 528
Figure 75: Global Managed Carrier Wi-Fi Offload Hotspot Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 529
Figure 76: Global Managed Carrier Wi-Fi Offload Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 529
Figure 77: Global C-RAN Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 530
Figure 78: Global C-RAN Revenue by Submarket: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 530
Figure 79: Global RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 531
Figure 80: Global RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 531
Figure 81: Global C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 532
Figure 82: Global C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 532
Figure 83: Global C-RAN Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 533
Figure 84: Global C-RAN Revenue in 3G & LTE Networks: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 533
Figure 85: Global C-RAN Revenue in 5G Networks: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 534
Figure 86: Global RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 535
Figure 87: Global RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 535
Figure 88: Global Indoor RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 536
Figure 89: Global Indoor RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 536
Figure 90: Global Outdoor RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 537
Figure 91: Global Outdoor RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 537
Figure 92: Global C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 538
Figure 93: Global C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 538
Figure 94: Global Dedicated Fiber Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 539
Figure 95: Global WDM Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 539
Figure 96: Global OTN & PON Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 540
Figure 97: Global Ethernet Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 540
Figure 98: Global Microwave Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 541
Figure 99: Global Millimeter Wave Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 541
Figure 100: Global DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 542
Figure 101: Global DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 542
Figure 102: Global DAS Node Unit Shipments by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 543
Figure 103: Global DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 543
Figure 104: Global Indoor DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 544
Figure 105: Global Indoor DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 544
Figure 106: Global Outdoor DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 545
Figure 107: Global Outdoor DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 545
Figure 108: HetNet Infrastructure Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 546
Figure 109: Small Cell Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 547
Figure 110: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 547
Figure 111: Small Cell Backhaul Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 548
Figure 112: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 548
Figure 113: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 549
Figure 114: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 549
Figure 115: Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 550
Figure 116: RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 550
Figure 117: RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 551
Figure 118: C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 551
Figure 119: C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 552
Figure 120: C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 552
Figure 121: DAS Node Unit Shipments by Region: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 553
Figure 122: DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 553
Figure 123: Asia Pacific HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 554
Figure 124: Asia Pacific Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 555
Figure 125: Asia Pacific Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 555
Figure 126: Asia Pacific Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 556
Figure 127: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 556
Figure 128: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 557
Figure 129: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 557
Figure 130: Asia Pacific Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 558
Figure 131: Asia Pacific RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 558
Figure 132: Asia Pacific RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 559
Figure 133: Asia Pacific C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 559
Figure 134: Asia Pacific C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 560
Figure 135: Asia Pacific C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 560
Figure 136: Asia Pacific DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 561
Figure 137: Asia Pacific DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 561
Figure 138: Eastern Europe HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 562
Figure 139: Eastern Europe Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 563
Figure 140: Eastern Europe Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 563
Figure 141: Eastern Europe Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 564
Figure 142: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 564
Figure 143: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 565
Figure 144: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 565
Figure 145: Eastern Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 566
Figure 146: Eastern Europe RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 566
Figure 147: Eastern Europe RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 567
Figure 148: Eastern Europe C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 567
Figure 149: Eastern Europe C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 568
Figure 150: Eastern Europe C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 568
Figure 151: Eastern Europe DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 569
Figure 152: Eastern Europe DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 569
Figure 153: Latin & Central America HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 570
Figure 154: Latin & Central America Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 571
Figure 155: Latin & Central America Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 571
Figure 156: Latin & Central America Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 572
Figure 157: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 572
Figure 158: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 573
Figure 159: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 573
Figure 160: Latin & Central America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 574
Figure 161: Latin & Central America RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 574
Figure 162: Latin & Central America RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 575
Figure 163: Latin & Central America C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 575
Figure 164: Latin & Central America C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 576
Figure 165: Latin & Central America C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 576
Figure 166: Latin & Central America DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 577
Figure 167: Latin & Central America DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 577
Figure 168: Middle East & Africa HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 578
Figure 169: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 579
Figure 170: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 579
Figure 171: Middle East & Africa Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 580
Figure 172: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 580
Figure 173: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 581
Figure 174: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 581
Figure 175: Middle East & Africa Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 582
Figure 176: Middle East & Africa RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 582
Figure 177: Middle East & Africa RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 583
Figure 178: Middle East & Africa C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 583
Figure 179: Middle East & Africa C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 584
Figure 180: Middle East & Africa C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 584
Figure 181: Middle East & Africa DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 585
Figure 182: Middle East & Africa DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 585
Figure 183: North America HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 586
Figure 184: North America Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 587
Figure 185: North America Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 587
Figure 186: North America Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 588
Figure 187: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 588
Figure 188: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 589
Figure 189: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 589
Figure 190: North America Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 590
Figure 191: North America RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 590
Figure 192: North America RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 591
Figure 193: North America C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 591
Figure 194: North America C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 592
Figure 195: North America C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 592
Figure 196: North America DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 593
Figure 197: North America DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 593
Figure 198: Western Europe HetNet Infrastructure Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 594
Figure 199: Western Europe Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 595
Figure 200: Western Europe Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 595
Figure 201: Western Europe Small Cell Backhaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 596
Figure 202: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 596
Figure 203: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 597
Figure 204: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 597
Figure 205: Western Europe Carrier Wi-Fi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 598
Figure 206: Western Europe RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 598
Figure 207: Western Europe RRH (Remote Radio Head) Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 599
Figure 208: Western Europe C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 599
Figure 209: Western Europe C-RAN BBU (Baseband Unit) Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 600
Figure 210: Western Europe C-RAN Fronthaul Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 600
Figure 211: Western Europe DAS Node Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) 601
Figure 212: Western Europe DAS Node Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2020 ($ Million) 601
Figure 213: Unlicensed LTE Small Cell Concept 606
Figure 214: Global Unlicensed LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 607
Figure 215: Global Unlicensed LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 608
Figure 216: Global Virtualized RAN Investments: 2016 – 2030 ($ Million) 610
Figure 217: Baseband Processing Distribution Options for C-RAN 611
Figure 218: TCO Comparison between LTE and LMR Technologies 613
Figure 219: Global Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 614
Figure 220: Global Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 615
Figure 221: Global Dual-Mode Cellular/Wi-Fi Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2016 - 2030 (Thousands of Units) 616
Figure 222: Global Enterprise RAN Investments: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 617
Figure 223: Global Small Cell Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 619
Figure 224: Global Carrier Wi-Fi Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 620
Figure 225: Global C-RAN Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 621
Figure 226: Global DAS Market Share by Vendor: 2015 (%) 622 

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