The 5G Wireless Ecosystem: 2015 - 2025 - Technologies, Applications, Verticals, Strategies & Forecasts

 1	Chapter 1: Introduction	8
1.1	Executive Summary	8
1.2	Topics Covered	10
1.3	Historical Revenue & Forecast Segmentation	11
1.4	Key Questions Answered	12
1.5	Key Findings	13
1.6	Methodology	14
1.7	Target Audience	15
1.8	Companies & Organizations Mentioned	16
 	 	 
2	Chapter 2: The Evolving 5G Ecosystem	19
2.1	What is 5G?	19
2.2	5G Requirements	19
2.2.1	Data Volume	20
2.2.2	Throughput	20
2.2.3	Response Time & Latency	20
2.2.4	Device Density	20
2.2.5	Availability & Coverage	20
2.2.6	Battery Life	21
2.2.7	Energy Saving & Cost Reduction	21
2.3	5G Market Drivers	22
2.3.1	Why the Need for a 5G Standard?	22
2.3.2	Improving Spectrum Utilization	22
2.3.3	Advances in Air Interface Transmission Schemes	22
2.3.4	Gigabit Wireless Connectivity: Supporting Future Services	23
2.3.5	Moving Towards IoT (Internet of Things): Increasing Device Density	23
2.3.6	Towards a Flatter Network Architecture	23
2.4	Challenges & Inhibitors to 5G	24
2.4.1	Skepticism	24
2.4.2	Standardization Challenges: Too Many Stakeholders	24
2.4.3	Spectrum Regulation & Complexities	24
2.4.4	Massive MIMO, Beamforming & Antenna Technology Issues	25
2.4.5	Higher Frequencies Mean New Infrastructure	25
2.4.6	Complex Performance Requirements	26
2.4.7	Energy Efficiency & Technology Scaling	26
2.5	5G Applications & Use Cases	27
2.5.1	Extreme Bandwidth Applications: Video, Internet Gaming & Augmented Reality	27
2.5.2	MTC/M2M, IoT & Ubiquitous Communications	27
2.5.2.1	Short-burst Traffic	28
2.5.3	Vertical Industries & Safety Critical Domains	28
2.5.3.1	Automotive	28
2.5.3.2	Energy & Smart Grids	29
2.5.3.3	Transport & Logistics	29
2.5.3.4	Healthcare	29
2.5.3.5	Smart Cities	29
2.5.3.6	Public Safety	30
2.5.3.7	Fitness & Sports	30
 	 	 
3	Chapter 3: Enabling Technologies for 5G	31
3.1	Key Technologies & Concepts	31
3.1.1	Air Interface: Waveform Options	31
3.1.2	Massive MIMO	32
3.1.3	Phased Array Antennas	33
3.1.4	Beamforming	33
3.1.5	D2D (Device to Device) Communications	34
3.1.6	Self-Backhauling & Mesh Networking	35
3.1.7	Cognitive Radio & Spectrum Sensing	35
3.1.8	LSA (Licensed Shared Access)	36
3.1.9	Spectrum Aggregation	37
3.1.10	Integration of VLC (Visible Light Communication)	37
3.2	Complimentary Technologies	38
3.2.1	NFV & SDN	38
3.2.2	HetNet & C-RAN Architecture	39
3.2.2.1	Will C-RAN be the Default 5G Network Architecture?	39
3.2.3	Drones & Satellites	41
3.2.3.1	Satellite Integration in 5G Networks	41
3.2.3.2	Google and Facebook’s Drone Ambitions	41
3.2.3.3	Interest from Wireless Carriers	41
 	 	 
4	Chapter 4: 5G Investments & Future Forecast	42
4.1	How much is being invested in 5G?	42
4.2	Global 5G Subscriptions: 2020 - 2025	43
4.2.1	Asia Pacific 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2025	44
4.2.2	Eastern Europe 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2025	44
4.2.3	Latin & Central America 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2025	45
4.2.4	Middle East & Africa 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2025	45
4.2.5	North America 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2025	46
4.2.6	Western Europe 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2025	46
5	Chapter 5: Spectrum Implications for 5G	47
5.1	Spectrum Options for 5G	47
5.2	Sub-1 GHz	47
5.3	3-4 GHz	48
5.4	5 GHz	48
5.5	15 GHz	48
5.6	28 GHz	48
5.7	60/70/80 GHz	48
5.8	Higher Bands	49
 	 	 
6	Chapter 6: 5G Standardization & Research Initiatives	50
6.1	ITU-R (ITU Radiocommunications Sector)	50
6.2	3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)	51
6.3	GSMA (GSM Association)	51
6.4	NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Networks) Alliance	52
6.5	TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)	52
6.6	European Commission Initiatives	53
6.6.1	METIS	53
6.6.2	5GPPP	54
6.6.3	5GNOW	54
6.7	National Government Initiatives	55
6.7.1	Korea’s 5G Forum	55
6.7.2	Japan’s ARIB 20B AH (2020 and Beyond AdHoc)	55
6.7.3	China’s IMT-2020	55
6.7.4	China’s 863-5G Project	55
6.8	Academic Initiatives	56
6.8.1	5GIC (5G Innovation Center, University of Surrey)	56
6.8.2	NYU WIRELESS (New York University)	56
 	 	 
7	Chapter 7: Vendor Demonstrations, Commitments & Strategies	57
7.1	Alcatel-Lucent	57
7.1.1	5G Strategy	57
7.1.2	Demonstrations & Trial Commitments	57
7.2	Ericsson	58
7.2.1	5G Strategy	58
7.2.2	Demonstrations & Trial Commitments	58
7.3	Fujitsu	59
7.3.1	5G Strategy	59
7.3.2	Demonstrations & Trial Commitments	59
7.4	Huawei	60
7.4.1	5G Strategy	60
7.4.2	Demonstrations & Trial Commitments	60
7.5	Intel	61
7.5.1	5G Strategy	61
7.5.2	Demonstrations & Trial Commitments	61
7.6	NEC	62
7.6.1	5G Strategy	62
7.6.2	Demonstrations & Trial Commitments	62
7.7	Nokia Networks	63
7.7.1	5G Strategy	63
7.7.2	Demonstrations & Trial Commitments	63
7.8	Qualcomm	64
7.8.1	5G Strategy	64
7.8.2	Demonstrations & Trial Commitments	64
7.9	Samsung	65
7.9.1	5G Strategy	65
7.9.2	Demonstrations & Trial Commitments	65
7.10	ZTE	66
7.10.1	5G Strategy	66
7.10.2	Demonstrations & Trial Commitments	66
 	 	 

List of Figures	 
Figure 1: 5G Requirements	19
Figure 2: Potential Waveform Options for 5G	31
Figure 3: D2D Communication Scenarios	34
Figure 4: LSA Concept	36
Figure 5: C-RAN Architecture	40
Figure 6: Global Investments in 5G R&D & Trials: 2010 – 2020 ($ Million)	42
Figure 7: 5G Subscriptions by Region: 2020 – 2025 (Millions)	43
Figure 8: Asia Pacific 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2025 (Millions)	44
Figure 9: Eastern Europe 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2025 (Millions)	44
Figure 10: Latin & Central America 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2025 (Millions)	45
Figure 11: Middle East & Africa 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2025 (Millions)	45
Figure 12: North America 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2025 (Millions)	46
Figure 13: Western Europe 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2025 (Millions)	46
Figure 14: Spectrum Options for 5G & Vendor Advocates	47
Figure 15: METIS Members	53 

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